Mutagenetix > Incidental Mutation

Incidental Mutation 'R0030:Cacna1s'

15410

Institutional Source

Beutler Lab

Gene Symbol

Cacna1s

Ensembl Gene

ENSMUSG00000026407

Gene Name

calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1S subunit

Synonyms

mdg, muscle dysgenesis, sj, Cav1.1, Cchl1a3, DHPR alpha1s, fmd

MMRRC Submission

038324-MU

Accession Numbers

Essential gene?

Essential (E-score: 1.000) question?

Stock #

R0030 (G1)

Quality Score

Status

Validated

Chromosome

Chromosomal Location

135980549-136047268 bp(+) (GRCm39)

Type of Mutation

critical splice donor site (2 bp from exon)

DNA Base Change (assembly)

T to C at 136022727 bp (GRCm39)

Zygosity

Heterozygous

Amino Acid Change

Ref Sequence

ENSEMBL: ENSMUSP00000125262 (fasta)

Gene Model

predicted gene model for transcript(s): [ENSMUST00000112064] [ENSMUST00000112068] [ENSMUST00000160641] [ENSMUST00000161865]

AlphaFold

no structure available at present

Predicted Effect

probably null
Transcript: ENSMUST00000112064

SMART Domains

Protein: ENSMUSP00000107695
Gene: ENSMUSG00000026407

Domain	Start	End	E-Value	Type
Pfam:Ion_trans	50	345	4.3e-68	PFAM
Pfam:Ion_trans	431	672	4.5e-56	PFAM
Pfam:PKD_channel	516	667	1.9e-7	PFAM
low complexity region	675	685	N/A	INTRINSIC
low complexity region	740	756	N/A	INTRINSIC
Pfam:Ion_trans	798	1076	2.6e-65	PFAM
Pfam:Ion_trans	1117	1392	1.2e-71	PFAM
Pfam:PKD_channel	1126	1387	8.4e-13	PFAM
Pfam:GPHH	1394	1463	2.3e-38	PFAM
Ca_chan_IQ	1515	1548	3.71e-14	SMART
low complexity region	1657	1669	N/A	INTRINSIC
Pfam:CAC1F_C	1756	1845	2.8e-8	PFAM

Predicted Effect

probably null
Transcript: ENSMUST00000112068

SMART Domains

Protein: ENSMUSP00000107699
Gene: ENSMUSG00000026407

Domain	Start	End	E-Value	Type
Pfam:Ion_trans	88	333	9.1e-57	PFAM
PDB:4DEY\|B	334	417	1e-20	PDB
Pfam:Ion_trans	466	660	3.7e-46	PFAM
Pfam:PKD_channel	513	667	6.7e-7	PFAM
low complexity region	675	685	N/A	INTRINSIC
low complexity region	740	756	N/A	INTRINSIC
low complexity region	804	818	N/A	INTRINSIC
Pfam:Ion_trans	834	1064	3.9e-53	PFAM
Pfam:Ion_trans	1152	1361	6.7e-66	PFAM
Pfam:PKD_channel	1201	1368	8.4e-10	PFAM
Blast:EFh	1382	1410	5e-8	BLAST
Ca_chan_IQ	1496	1529	3.71e-14	SMART
low complexity region	1638	1650	N/A	INTRINSIC

Predicted Effect

probably null
Transcript: ENSMUST00000160641

SMART Domains

Protein: ENSMUSP00000125278
Gene: ENSMUSG00000026407

Domain	Start	End	E-Value	Type
Pfam:Ion_trans	88	333	9.3e-57	PFAM
PDB:4DEY\|B	334	417	1e-20	PDB
Pfam:Ion_trans	466	660	3.8e-46	PFAM
Pfam:PKD_channel	513	667	6.7e-7	PFAM
low complexity region	675	685	N/A	INTRINSIC
low complexity region	740	756	N/A	INTRINSIC
low complexity region	804	818	N/A	INTRINSIC
Pfam:Ion_trans	834	1064	4e-53	PFAM
Pfam:PKD_channel	1126	1387	6.1e-12	PFAM
Pfam:Ion_trans	1152	1380	9e-65	PFAM
Blast:EFh	1401	1429	5e-8	BLAST
Ca_chan_IQ	1515	1548	3.71e-14	SMART
low complexity region	1657	1669	N/A	INTRINSIC

Predicted Effect

probably null
Transcript: ENSMUST00000161865

SMART Domains

Protein: ENSMUSP00000125262
Gene: ENSMUSG00000026407

Domain	Start	End	E-Value	Type
Pfam:Ion_trans	3	98	1.1e-21	PFAM
Pfam:Ion_trans	184	425	3.3e-56	PFAM
Pfam:PKD_channel	267	420	1.8e-7	PFAM
low complexity region	428	438	N/A	INTRINSIC
low complexity region	493	509	N/A	INTRINSIC
Pfam:Ion_trans	551	829	1.9e-65	PFAM
Pfam:Ion_trans	870	1126	5.4e-72	PFAM
Pfam:PKD_channel	954	1121	7.2e-10	PFAM
Pfam:GPHH	1128	1197	1.8e-38	PFAM
Ca_chan_IQ	1249	1282	3.71e-14	SMART
low complexity region	1391	1403	N/A	INTRINSIC

Meta Mutation Damage Score

0.9495

Coding Region Coverage

1x: 78.5%
3x: 68.6%
10x: 42.5%
20x: 22.6%

Validation Efficiency

97% (72/74)

MGI Phenotype

FUNCTION: [Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] This gene encodes one of the five subunits of the slowly inactivating L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel in skeletal muscle cells. Mutations in this gene have been associated with hypokalemic periodic paralysis, thyrotoxic periodic paralysis and malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
PHENOTYPE: Homozygous mutants show edema and failure of myoblast differentiation by day 13 of embryonic development and die perinatally. All muscles degenerate and additional secondary anomalies of the skeleton, short jaw, and cleft palate are seen. [provided by MGI curators]

Allele List at MGI

All alleles(4) : Targeted(3) Spontaneous(1)

Other mutations in this stock

Total: 30 list
Gene	Ref	Var	Chr/Loc	Mutation	Predicted Effect	Zygosity
Aebp2	A	C	6: 140,583,473 (GRCm39)	S316R	probably damaging	Het
Brwd1	A	G	16: 95,822,456 (GRCm39)	S1250P	probably damaging	Het
Cass4	G	T	2: 172,269,762 (GRCm39)	E617*	probably null	Het
Cct4	T	C	11: 22,951,357 (GRCm39)		probably benign	Het
Cdh20	C	T	1: 110,065,798 (GRCm39)	Q691*	probably null	Het
Crip1	G	A	12: 113,116,996 (GRCm39)		probably null	Het
Dnah5	A	T	15: 28,451,663 (GRCm39)	D4367V	probably benign	Het
Dock3	A	G	9: 106,789,512 (GRCm39)	V1514A	possibly damaging	Het
Eps15l1	A	G	8: 73,126,894 (GRCm39)	S646P	probably benign	Het
Faap24	A	T	7: 35,092,285 (GRCm39)	F211I	probably damaging	Het
Flrt3	A	T	2: 140,502,237 (GRCm39)	Y464N	probably damaging	Het
Foxi2	A	G	7: 135,013,345 (GRCm39)	T192A	probably damaging	Het
Gm7298	T	A	6: 121,751,009 (GRCm39)	F695L	probably benign	Het
Ifnk	T	G	4: 35,152,489 (GRCm39)	V139G	probably benign	Het
Kif18a	A	T	2: 109,163,663 (GRCm39)	I671L	probably benign	Het
Lcn10	T	C	2: 25,575,093 (GRCm39)	F154L	probably damaging	Het
Med12l	T	G	3: 59,156,076 (GRCm39)	L1198R	probably damaging	Het
Mmp23	G	A	4: 155,735,768 (GRCm39)	R268*	probably null	Het
Mrps30	T	C	13: 118,519,531 (GRCm39)	D298G	possibly damaging	Het
Myh7	T	A	14: 55,229,427 (GRCm39)	T124S	probably benign	Het
Odf4	T	A	11: 68,817,767 (GRCm39)	E9D	probably benign	Het
Ptchd4	T	A	17: 42,627,999 (GRCm39)	C153*	probably null	Het
Scp2	T	A	4: 107,964,887 (GRCm39)		probably null	Het
Slc16a10	A	G	10: 39,952,819 (GRCm39)	V225A	probably benign	Het
Slc66a1	A	G	4: 139,033,764 (GRCm39)	S52P	probably damaging	Het
Tbk1	A	G	10: 121,397,529 (GRCm39)	V381A	probably benign	Het
Tdrd6	T	C	17: 43,937,482 (GRCm39)	K1189E	possibly damaging	Het
Ttc39a	C	A	4: 109,280,170 (GRCm39)	H151N	probably benign	Het
Ush2a	C	T	1: 188,554,854 (GRCm39)	T3544M	possibly damaging	Het
Vnn1	A	G	10: 23,776,744 (GRCm39)	H365R	probably benign	Het

Other mutations in Cacna1s

Allele	Source	Chr	Coord	Type	Predicted Effect	PPH Score
IGL00336:Cacna1s	APN	1	136,012,011 (GRCm39)	nonsense	probably null
IGL00517:Cacna1s	APN	1	136,015,077 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
IGL01316:Cacna1s	APN	1	136,046,702 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.01
IGL01348:Cacna1s	APN	1	136,002,890 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.95
IGL01739:Cacna1s	APN	1	136,024,870 (GRCm39)	critical splice donor site	probably null
IGL01773:Cacna1s	APN	1	136,046,491 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.32
IGL02056:Cacna1s	APN	1	136,046,738 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign
IGL02262:Cacna1s	APN	1	136,035,867 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.98
IGL02324:Cacna1s	APN	1	136,002,914 (GRCm39)	splice site	probably benign
IGL02352:Cacna1s	APN	1	136,020,990 (GRCm39)	splice site	probably benign
IGL02359:Cacna1s	APN	1	136,020,990 (GRCm39)	splice site	probably benign
IGL02370:Cacna1s	APN	1	136,013,085 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
IGL02377:Cacna1s	APN	1	135,996,732 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
IGL02474:Cacna1s	APN	1	136,046,118 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign
IGL02606:Cacna1s	APN	1	136,007,257 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
IGL02833:Cacna1s	APN	1	135,998,743 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.03
IGL02974:Cacna1s	APN	1	136,020,355 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.78
IGL03064:Cacna1s	APN	1	136,039,731 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
IGL03093:Cacna1s	APN	1	136,043,802 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.00
IGL03286:Cacna1s	APN	1	136,005,397 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign
brookstone	UTSW	1	136,020,432 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.01
flyfish	UTSW	1	136,043,799 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.21
forelle	UTSW	1	136,023,596 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
river	UTSW	1	136,033,582 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.88
stream	UTSW	1	136,033,552 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
BB009:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,012,097 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
BB019:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,012,097 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
G1Funyon:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,001,179 (GRCm39)	unclassified	probably benign
N/A:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,001,247 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.00
R0030:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,022,727 (GRCm39)	critical splice donor site	probably null
R0097:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,028,360 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.79
R0097:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,028,360 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.79
R0240:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,001,234 (GRCm39)	unclassified	probably benign
R0255:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,046,544 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.93
R0302:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,028,342 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.01
R0319:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	135,998,455 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
R0411:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,041,041 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R0413:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,025,947 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.00
R0482:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,041,132 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign
R0491:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,016,746 (GRCm39)	splice site	probably benign
R0518:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,004,597 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign
R0717:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,026,029 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R0725:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,026,264 (GRCm39)	splice site	probably benign
R0815:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,040,695 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.95
R1384:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,022,709 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.02
R1518:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,026,289 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R1548:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,038,675 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R1725:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,026,361 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R1728:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,046,454 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign
R1729:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,046,454 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign
R1730:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,046,454 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign
R1739:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,046,454 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign
R1762:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,046,454 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign
R1783:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,046,454 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign
R1784:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,046,454 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign
R1785:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,046,454 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign
R1800:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,004,592 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign
R1924:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,016,755 (GRCm39)	splice site	probably null
R1969:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,046,833 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.42
R2072:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,007,242 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign
R2380:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,023,586 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R3110:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,002,831 (GRCm39)	nonsense	probably null
R3112:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,002,831 (GRCm39)	nonsense	probably null
R3151:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,033,532 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R3696:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,033,552 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R3722:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	135,996,780 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.77
R3804:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,034,756 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.85
R3813:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,013,085 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R3905:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,012,007 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
R3907:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,012,007 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
R3909:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,012,007 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
R4170:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,035,933 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R4329:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,046,771 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.00
R4485:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,004,590 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R4581:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	135,998,708 (GRCm39)	splice site	probably null
R4719:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,046,390 (GRCm39)	splice site	probably benign
R4816:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,043,007 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.89
R4909:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,007,342 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
R4917:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,029,302 (GRCm39)	critical splice donor site	probably null
R5296:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,023,523 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.11
R5411:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,033,549 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.09
R5503:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,014,480 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R5533:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,026,113 (GRCm39)	critical splice donor site	probably null
R5714:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,039,804 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.44
R5775:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,035,860 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R5814:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,034,880 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.31
R5820:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,007,342 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R5822:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,039,816 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R5877:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,028,405 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
R5923:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,004,560 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.79
R6021:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,034,225 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.15
R6037:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	135,998,705 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.90
R6037:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	135,998,705 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.90
R6056:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,033,574 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R6143:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,004,496 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
R6222:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,032,360 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.00
R6237:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,033,582 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.88
R6274:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,016,783 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.02
R6609:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,041,129 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.30
R6626:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,022,703 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R6838:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,012,175 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.91
R6848:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,020,432 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.01
R6849:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,020,432 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.01
R6850:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,020,432 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.01
R6851:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,020,432 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.01
R6868:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,020,432 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.01
R6879:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,043,697 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.12
R6893:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,005,431 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.05
R7017:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,023,596 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
R7228:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	135,998,797 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.90
R7283:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,001,446 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R7357:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	135,998,759 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
R7385:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,020,371 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
R7421:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,014,540 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R7505:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,013,187 (GRCm39)	nonsense	probably null
R7519:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	135,998,494 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
R7675:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,038,612 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R7746:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	135,996,756 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
R7779:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,046,767 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R7850:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	135,998,786 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R7932:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,012,097 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
R7935:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,020,333 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.62
R7950:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,028,363 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.01
R7969:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,004,470 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R8083:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,023,529 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.91
R8101:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,046,403 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.02
R8123:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,035,917 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R8191:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,035,893 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R8194:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,005,430 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.33
R8251:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,014,461 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R8265:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,020,364 (GRCm39)	nonsense	probably null
R8301:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,001,179 (GRCm39)	unclassified	probably benign
R8310:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,015,075 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R8359:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,043,799 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.21
R8461:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,001,440 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.53
R8553:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,019,540 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.93
R8743:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,033,286 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R8766:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,002,881 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R8884:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,042,981 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.05
R8897:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,045,392 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.01
R8939:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,014,544 (GRCm39)	critical splice donor site	probably null
R8953:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,025,170 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.94
R9039:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,016,057 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign
R9058:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	135,998,436 (GRCm39)	nonsense	probably null
R9137:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	135,996,744 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.89
R9332:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,020,452 (GRCm39)	nonsense	probably null
R9416:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,022,689 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.88
R9427:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,012,090 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.30
R9446:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,045,362 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.00
R9564:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,046,516 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign
R9620:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,035,909 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
X0025:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,043,708 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.00
Z1176:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,034,822 (GRCm39)	nonsense	probably null
Z1177:Cacna1s	UTSW	1	136,045,424 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.00

Protein Function and Prediction

Cacna1s encodes DHPR α₁, -α_1S (known also as Ca_v1.1 α₁1.1, α_1S or CaCh1), a subunit of the slowly inactivating L-type voltage-sensitive calcium (Ca²⁺) channel in skeletal muscle (1-3). In skeletal muscle, L-type Ca²⁺ channels are made of five subunits (α1S, α2, β, γ, δ) (4). The L-type Ca²⁺ channels function in excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle (5;6). Activation of DHPR α₁ in cardiac and smooth muscles results in an inward flux of Ca²⁺ from the extracellular space. The Ca²⁺influx results in the opening of ryanodine receptors (RyRs; i.e., intracellular Ca²⁺channels) and a release of Ca²⁺into the myoplasm (5). In contrast, in skeletal muscles, contraction can be initiated without extracellular Ca²⁺(7) and α_1SDHPR functions predominantly as the voltage sensor that activates the RyRs via direct physical interactions (6;8). Depolarization of the surface membrane leads to a conformational change in DHPR α_1Sand rapid activation of the RyR (6). It has been proposed that the minor sarcolemmal fraction of α1S functions in a signaling pathway controlling muscle maintenance (e.g., muscle mass and morphogenesis) (4). α_1SDHPR is a four-repeat transmembrane protein that includes a Ca²⁺ selective pore and the S4 ‘voltage-sensing' transmembrane segment (9).

Expression/Localization

DHPR α_1S is localized at triad junctions in close apposition to the type 1 RyR1 in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) (4;6;10). DHPR α_1S subunit expression is subject to regulation by a number of factors, including ageing (11), development (12), calcium (13), trophic factors (11), activity (14) and muscle denervation (15). There are two Cacna1s transcripts: one has an in-frame deletion of exon 29 (Δ29) that encodes a 1854-amino-acid protein lacking 19 residues in the extracellular loop between transmembrane segments IVS3 and IVS4 (6). This Δ29 transcript is expressed a low levels in differentiated muscles, but has been observed in mouse ovaries, human myotubes and in the C₂C₁₂ mouse muscle cell line (6).

Background

Table 1. Human phenotypes associated with mutations in CACNA1S

Phenotype	OMIM #	Brief Description	Refs
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis, type 1	170400	Episodic weakness accompanied by low serum potassium levels	(16)
{Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility 5}	601887	An autosomal dominant skeletal muscle disorder; one of the main causes of death due to anesthesia. A fulminant MH crisis is characterized by any combination of hyperthermia, skeletal muscle rigidity, tachycardia or arrhythmia, respiratory and metabolic acidosis, and rhabdomyolysis	(17)
{Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, susceptibility to, 1}	188580	Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is a sporadic muscle disorder characterized by episodic attacks of weakness associated with hypokalemia in individuals with hyperthyroidism	(18)

Injection of a chimeric α1S subunit that lacks exon 16 (subsequently coding a premature stop codon in exon 17) in a adenovirus-associated viral vectors (AAV), resulted in muscle atrophy after 6 months even though muscle fibers were not EC uncoupled and could contract when stimulated (4). Decreased expression of α1S also resulted in redistribution of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), activation of FoxO3A, increased expression of key autophagy-related genes and initiated autophagosome formation (4).

Cacna1s^mdg/mdg; MGI:1856326

involves: 129 * STOCK T/t⁴

This model displays abnormal muscle development and impaired muscle contractility (19;20)

Cacna1s^mdg/mdg; MGI:1856326

involves: 129P1/ReJ * STOCK T/t⁴

Homozygotes have reduced mRNA and activity of acetylcholinesterase in skeletal muscle (21), accumulation of acetylcholinesterase on the surface of muscle masses (22), impaired skeletal muscle contractility (23), and abnormal muscle innervation (22).

Cacna1s^mdg/mdg; MGI:1856326

involves: STOCK T/t⁴

Homozygous mutants show edema and failure of myoblast differentiation by day 13 of embryonic development and die perinatally. All muscles degenerate and additional secondary anomalies of the skeleton, short jaw, and cleft palate are seen.

Homozygotes exhibit perinatal lethality (24), abnormal tongue muscle morphology (25), abnormal muscle development (26) and morphology (27-29), abnormal sarcomere morphology (30), abnormal Z lines (31), abnormal muscle physiology (32), and various skeletal abnormalities.