Incidental Mutation 'R1952:Nlgn1'
| ID |
217359 |
| Institutional Source |
Beutler Lab
|
| Gene Symbol |
Nlgn1
|
| Ensembl Gene |
ENSMUSG00000063887 |
| Gene Name |
neuroligin 1 |
| Synonyms |
NL1, Nlg1, 6330415N05Rik |
| MMRRC Submission |
039966-MU
|
| Accession Numbers |
|
| Essential gene? |
Non essential
(E-score: 0.000)
|
| Stock # |
R1952 (G1)
|
| Quality Score |
225 |
|
Status
|
Not validated
|
| Chromosome |
3 |
| Chromosomal Location |
25480379-26386609 bp(-) (GRCm39) |
| Type of Mutation |
missense |
| DNA Base Change (assembly) |
T to A
at 25490464 bp (GRCm39)
|
| Zygosity |
Heterozygous |
| Amino Acid Change |
Aspartic acid to Valine
at position 421
(D421V)
|
| Ref Sequence |
ENSEMBL: ENSMUSP00000142200
(fasta)
|
| Gene Model |
predicted gene model for transcript(s):
[ENSMUST00000075054]
[ENSMUST00000108308]
[ENSMUST00000191835]
[ENSMUST00000193603]
|
| AlphaFold |
Q99K10 |
| PDB Structure |
Crystal structure of a synaptic adhesion complex [X-RAY DIFFRACTION]
|
| Predicted Effect |
probably damaging
Transcript: ENSMUST00000075054
AA Change: D421V
PolyPhen 2
Score 0.997 (Sensitivity: 0.41; Specificity: 0.98)
|
| SMART Domains |
Protein: ENSMUSP00000074565
Gene: ENSMUSG00000063887
AA Change: D421V
| Domain | Start | End | E-Value | Type |
|---|
|
Pfam:COesterase
|
29 |
626 |
4.8e-199 |
PFAM |
|
Pfam:Abhydrolase_3
|
196 |
302 |
2.2e-8 |
PFAM |
|
transmembrane domain
|
697 |
719 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
720 |
731 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
796 |
809 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
816 |
827 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
829 |
839 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
| Predicted Effect |
possibly damaging
Transcript: ENSMUST00000108308
AA Change: D392V
PolyPhen 2
Score 0.453 (Sensitivity: 0.89; Specificity: 0.90)
|
| SMART Domains |
Protein: ENSMUSP00000103944
Gene: ENSMUSG00000063887
AA Change: D392V
| Domain | Start | End | E-Value | Type |
|---|
|
Pfam:COesterase
|
29 |
597 |
2.5e-190 |
PFAM |
|
Pfam:Abhydrolase_3
|
176 |
306 |
4.3e-8 |
PFAM |
|
transmembrane domain
|
668 |
690 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
691 |
702 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
767 |
780 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
787 |
798 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
800 |
810 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
| Predicted Effect |
possibly damaging
Transcript: ENSMUST00000191835
AA Change: D392V
PolyPhen 2
Score 0.453 (Sensitivity: 0.89; Specificity: 0.90)
|
| SMART Domains |
Protein: ENSMUSP00000142086
Gene: ENSMUSG00000063887
AA Change: D392V
| Domain | Start | End | E-Value | Type |
|---|
|
Pfam:COesterase
|
29 |
597 |
2.5e-190 |
PFAM |
|
Pfam:Abhydrolase_3
|
176 |
306 |
4.3e-8 |
PFAM |
|
transmembrane domain
|
668 |
690 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
691 |
702 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
767 |
780 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
787 |
798 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
800 |
810 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
| Predicted Effect |
probably damaging
Transcript: ENSMUST00000193603
AA Change: D421V
PolyPhen 2
Score 0.997 (Sensitivity: 0.41; Specificity: 0.98)
|
| SMART Domains |
Protein: ENSMUSP00000142200
Gene: ENSMUSG00000063887
AA Change: D421V
| Domain | Start | End | E-Value | Type |
|---|
|
Pfam:COesterase
|
29 |
626 |
1.2e-186 |
PFAM |
|
Pfam:Abhydrolase_3
|
196 |
309 |
3.7e-8 |
PFAM |
|
transmembrane domain
|
697 |
719 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
720 |
731 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
796 |
809 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
816 |
827 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
829 |
839 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
| Coding Region Coverage |
- 1x: 99.1%
- 3x: 98.4%
- 10x: 96.7%
- 20x: 93.9%
|
| Validation Efficiency |
|
| MGI Phenotype |
FUNCTION: [Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] This gene encodes a member of a family of neuronal cell surface proteins. Members of this family may act as splice site-specific ligands for beta-neurexins and may be involved in the formation and remodeling of central nervous system synapses. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
PHENOTYPE: Mice homozygous for a knock-out allele are viable and fertile but display impaired NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission onto CA1 pyramidal cells. [provided by MGI curators]
|
| Allele List at MGI |
All alleles(4) : Targeted(3) Gene trapped(1)
|
| Other mutations in this stock |
Total: 75 list
| Gene | Ref | Var | Chr/Loc | Mutation | Predicted Effect | Zygosity |
|---|
| 1700024G13Rik |
A |
G |
14: 32,110,293 (GRCm39) |
V6A |
possibly damaging |
Het |
| Accsl |
G |
T |
2: 93,689,778 (GRCm39) |
H376Q |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Adgrg1 |
T |
C |
8: 95,735,119 (GRCm39) |
|
probably null |
Het |
| Alyref |
C |
G |
11: 120,486,758 (GRCm39) |
V168L |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Ankrd12 |
T |
C |
17: 66,338,566 (GRCm39) |
D128G |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Bcl2l14 |
A |
G |
6: 134,409,329 (GRCm39) |
Y301C |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Camsap3 |
A |
G |
8: 3,654,789 (GRCm39) |
T804A |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Capn11 |
A |
T |
17: 45,953,885 (GRCm39) |
W154R |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Cd44 |
T |
A |
2: 102,683,432 (GRCm39) |
T201S |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Cers4 |
G |
A |
8: 4,573,461 (GRCm39) |
W319* |
probably null |
Het |
| Col27a1 |
T |
A |
4: 63,202,130 (GRCm39) |
|
probably null |
Het |
| Crnkl1 |
G |
A |
2: 145,770,120 (GRCm39) |
A241V |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Cyp2c68 |
T |
C |
19: 39,700,972 (GRCm39) |
Y282C |
probably benign |
Het |
| Dmd |
T |
A |
X: 82,874,123 (GRCm39) |
I1342N |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Dusp7 |
T |
A |
9: 106,248,028 (GRCm39) |
C219S |
probably benign |
Het |
| Epha7 |
A |
G |
4: 28,950,474 (GRCm39) |
N759S |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Fat1 |
T |
C |
8: 45,486,963 (GRCm39) |
V3413A |
probably benign |
Het |
| Gls2 |
A |
G |
10: 128,045,231 (GRCm39) |
H576R |
probably benign |
Het |
| Gm4884 |
G |
A |
7: 40,693,671 (GRCm39) |
V547M |
probably benign |
Het |
| Hap1 |
A |
G |
11: 100,243,105 (GRCm39) |
V174A |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Il12rb2 |
A |
G |
6: 67,269,300 (GRCm39) |
S838P |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Ints8 |
T |
C |
4: 11,221,150 (GRCm39) |
I742V |
probably benign |
Het |
| Katnal2 |
G |
T |
18: 77,067,707 (GRCm39) |
S411R |
probably benign |
Het |
| Lrp1 |
A |
C |
10: 127,403,300 (GRCm39) |
V2091G |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Mettl21c |
A |
T |
1: 44,056,368 (GRCm39) |
D20E |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Mib1 |
A |
T |
18: 10,812,077 (GRCm39) |
E991D |
possibly damaging |
Het |
| Mip |
T |
C |
10: 128,061,772 (GRCm39) |
S8P |
possibly damaging |
Het |
| Mllt6 |
T |
C |
11: 97,568,048 (GRCm39) |
S826P |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Mlst8 |
AT |
ATT |
17: 24,696,987 (GRCm39) |
|
probably null |
Het |
| Myrfl |
C |
T |
10: 116,658,716 (GRCm39) |
V414I |
probably benign |
Het |
| Nbeal1 |
T |
C |
1: 60,273,999 (GRCm39) |
V409A |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Nin |
T |
A |
12: 70,077,700 (GRCm39) |
Q1035L |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Nlrp10 |
A |
G |
7: 108,523,770 (GRCm39) |
V570A |
probably benign |
Het |
| Olfm3 |
A |
T |
3: 114,895,589 (GRCm39) |
E157V |
probably null |
Het |
| Or8g24 |
T |
A |
9: 38,989,580 (GRCm39) |
I154F |
probably benign |
Het |
| Or8g37 |
T |
C |
9: 39,731,363 (GRCm39) |
S143P |
probably benign |
Het |
| Otud7a |
A |
G |
7: 63,300,624 (GRCm39) |
D21G |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Pax2 |
A |
G |
19: 44,777,271 (GRCm39) |
T155A |
probably benign |
Het |
| Pcf11 |
A |
T |
7: 92,310,546 (GRCm39) |
S481T |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Prkab2 |
T |
C |
3: 97,573,943 (GRCm39) |
V194A |
probably benign |
Het |
| Prl3a1 |
G |
A |
13: 27,454,136 (GRCm39) |
G38E |
possibly damaging |
Het |
| Psmb8 |
T |
C |
17: 34,419,884 (GRCm39) |
V246A |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Ptpn12 |
A |
T |
5: 21,203,308 (GRCm39) |
V490E |
probably benign |
Het |
| Ptprm |
A |
T |
17: 67,247,575 (GRCm39) |
S587T |
probably benign |
Het |
| Qars1 |
G |
A |
9: 108,390,380 (GRCm39) |
R427H |
probably benign |
Het |
| R3hdml |
T |
C |
2: 163,340,216 (GRCm39) |
F128L |
probably benign |
Het |
| Rapgef4 |
A |
G |
2: 72,038,471 (GRCm39) |
M541V |
probably benign |
Het |
| Rhbdf1 |
G |
A |
11: 32,164,277 (GRCm39) |
R234* |
probably null |
Het |
| Rufy1 |
A |
T |
11: 50,297,233 (GRCm39) |
D406E |
probably benign |
Het |
| Satb1 |
A |
T |
17: 52,047,173 (GRCm39) |
L683Q |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Satb2 |
T |
C |
1: 56,938,229 (GRCm39) |
T132A |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Sbspon |
A |
G |
1: 15,930,519 (GRCm39) |
S156P |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Shb |
A |
T |
4: 45,458,347 (GRCm39) |
|
probably null |
Het |
| She |
A |
G |
3: 89,756,792 (GRCm39) |
K282R |
possibly damaging |
Het |
| Slc25a13 |
A |
G |
6: 6,152,482 (GRCm39) |
L85P |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Slc7a13 |
A |
T |
4: 19,841,578 (GRCm39) |
H475L |
probably benign |
Het |
| Sorl1 |
C |
T |
9: 41,957,920 (GRCm39) |
V575I |
probably benign |
Het |
| Spag9 |
T |
A |
11: 93,988,184 (GRCm39) |
C833S |
possibly damaging |
Het |
| Speer2 |
A |
C |
16: 69,654,052 (GRCm39) |
N232K |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Syncrip |
A |
T |
9: 88,358,927 (GRCm39) |
M194K |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Sytl3 |
A |
C |
17: 6,995,732 (GRCm39) |
T171P |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Taar7f |
T |
A |
10: 23,925,747 (GRCm39) |
Y114N |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Tamalin |
T |
C |
15: 101,122,381 (GRCm39) |
Y67H |
probably benign |
Het |
| Tap1 |
C |
G |
17: 34,412,481 (GRCm39) |
P506R |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Tle6 |
T |
C |
10: 81,431,319 (GRCm39) |
D212G |
possibly damaging |
Het |
| Trim80 |
G |
T |
11: 115,332,155 (GRCm39) |
E116* |
probably null |
Het |
| Ttll4 |
A |
G |
1: 74,726,718 (GRCm39) |
R745G |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Vdac2 |
A |
T |
14: 21,887,947 (GRCm39) |
I85F |
possibly damaging |
Het |
| Vmn1r188 |
A |
G |
13: 22,272,309 (GRCm39) |
R88G |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Washc2 |
T |
C |
6: 116,232,052 (GRCm39) |
S821P |
possibly damaging |
Het |
| Wdhd1 |
T |
C |
14: 47,507,647 (GRCm39) |
Y213C |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Wdr55 |
C |
A |
18: 36,893,437 (GRCm39) |
P33Q |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Yrdc |
C |
T |
4: 124,745,739 (GRCm39) |
A32V |
probably benign |
Het |
| Zfp608 |
T |
A |
18: 55,030,851 (GRCm39) |
K1030* |
probably null |
Het |
| Zfp618 |
T |
A |
4: 63,050,555 (GRCm39) |
|
probably null |
Het |
|
| Other mutations in Nlgn1 |
| Allele | Source | Chr | Coord | Type | Predicted Effect | PPH Score |
|---|
|
IGL00510:Nlgn1
|
APN |
3 |
25,490,654 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.02 |
|
IGL00543:Nlgn1
|
APN |
3 |
25,487,945 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
IGL00960:Nlgn1
|
APN |
3 |
25,966,861 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
IGL01533:Nlgn1
|
APN |
3 |
25,490,527 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.69 |
|
IGL02146:Nlgn1
|
APN |
3 |
25,966,846 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.96 |
|
IGL02616:Nlgn1
|
APN |
3 |
25,488,409 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.99 |
|
IGL03342:Nlgn1
|
APN |
3 |
26,187,411 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
ligation
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,490,199 (GRCm39) |
nonsense |
probably null |
|
|
G1citation:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
26,187,796 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.00 |
|
P0018:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,490,741 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R0010:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,490,006 (GRCm39) |
splice site |
probably benign |
|
|
R0010:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,490,006 (GRCm39) |
splice site |
probably benign |
|
|
R0123:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,490,089 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R0134:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,490,089 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R0294:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
26,187,625 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.23 |
|
R0798:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,488,410 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.05 |
|
R1051:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,966,869 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.98 |
|
R1116:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,488,038 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.00 |
|
R1289:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,488,400 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.87 |
|
R1522:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,490,073 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R1550:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,966,808 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R1669:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,490,298 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R1853:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
26,187,671 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.80 |
|
R1856:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,494,201 (GRCm39) |
nonsense |
probably null |
|
|
R1935:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
26,385,939 (GRCm39) |
utr 5 prime |
probably benign |
|
|
R1936:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
26,385,939 (GRCm39) |
utr 5 prime |
probably benign |
|
|
R1953:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,490,464 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R2004:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,488,034 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.29 |
|
R2114:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
26,187,414 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R2116:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
26,187,414 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R2198:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,487,925 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.99 |
|
R2994:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,490,162 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R3056:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,487,860 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.53 |
|
R4190:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,488,062 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
|
|
R4196:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,488,556 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R4613:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,490,186 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.01 |
|
R4654:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
26,187,850 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.51 |
|
R4757:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,490,507 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.63 |
|
R4757:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,490,332 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R4815:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,490,194 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.99 |
|
R4884:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,966,838 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R4966:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,974,401 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.65 |
|
R5119:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,487,958 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.99 |
|
R5842:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
26,187,892 (GRCm39) |
splice site |
probably null |
|
|
R6218:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,490,257 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R6397:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,487,827 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.53 |
|
R6500:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,488,094 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.84 |
|
R6822:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
26,187,796 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.00 |
|
R6846:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,490,506 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.99 |
|
R7047:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,490,199 (GRCm39) |
nonsense |
probably null |
|
|
R7147:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
26,187,509 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.02 |
|
R7754:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,488,467 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R7886:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,490,071 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R8184:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,490,363 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R8261:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,487,816 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.53 |
|
R8304:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
26,187,534 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R8364:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,490,140 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.00 |
|
R8503:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
26,187,522 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.99 |
|
R9035:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,488,595 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R9053:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,488,607 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R9209:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,966,804 (GRCm39) |
critical splice donor site |
probably null |
|
|
R9268:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,490,548 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.96 |
|
R9368:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,488,622 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.99 |
|
R9492:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,488,480 (GRCm39) |
nonsense |
probably null |
|
|
R9596:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,488,587 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R9647:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,488,182 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R9697:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,494,035 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.52 |
|
Z1176:Nlgn1
|
UTSW |
3 |
25,490,768 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.12 |
|
| Predicted Primers |
PCR Primer
(F):5'- CTACCCATTGATGGTCCGTAAAC -3'
(R):5'- TGCCTGCAGAAGAAGCCTTAC -3'
Sequencing Primer
(F):5'- TTGATGGTCCGTAAACAAAGCC -3'
(R):5'- GAAGCCTTACAAAGAACTTGTTGATC -3'
|
| Posted On |
2014-08-01 |
Incidental Mutation