Phenotypic Mutation 'bananasplit' (pdf version)
Allelebananasplit
Mutation Type missense
Chromosome12
Coordinate111,228,470 bp (GRCm39)
Base Change T ⇒ G (forward strand)
Gene Traf3
Gene Name TNF receptor-associated factor 3
Synonym(s) CAP-1, CRAF1, CD40bp, LAP1
Chromosomal Location 111,132,804-111,233,587 bp (+) (GRCm39)
MGI Phenotype FUNCTION: [Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF) protein family. TRAF proteins associate with, and mediate the signal transduction from, members of the TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamily. This protein participates in the signal transduction of CD40, a TNFR family member important for the activation of the immune response. This protein is found to be a critical component of the lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTbetaR) signaling complex, which induces NF-kappaB activation and cell death initiated by LTbeta ligation. Epstein-Barr virus encoded latent infection membrane protein-1 (LMP1) can interact with this and several other members of the TRAF family, which may be essential for the oncogenic effects of LMP1. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding three distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]
PHENOTYPE: Homozygous mutation of this gene results in progressive runting, hypoglycemia, and depletion of peripheral white blood cells, leading to death by 10 days of age. Immune responses to T-dependent antigen are impaired in lethally irradiated mice reconstituted with mutant cells. [provided by MGI curators]
Accession Number

NCBI RefSeq: NM_011632, NM_001286122; MGI:108041

MappedYes 
Amino Acid Change Aspartic acid changed to Glutamic Acid
Institutional SourceBeutler Lab
Gene Model predicted gene model for protein(s): [ENSMUSP00000021706] [ENSMUSP00000058361] [ENSMUSP00000112517]
AlphaFold Q60803
PDB Structure Crystal structure of TRAF3/Cardif [X-RAY DIFFRACTION]
SMART Domains Protein: ENSMUSP00000021706
Gene: ENSMUSG00000021277
AA Change: D560E

DomainStartEndE-ValueType
RING 52 87 5.85e-2 SMART
Pfam:zf-TRAF 135 191 4.6e-18 PFAM
Pfam:zf-TRAF 191 250 9.9e-14 PFAM
coiled coil region 298 337 N/A INTRINSIC
MATH 419 542 5.69e-18 SMART
Predicted Effect probably damaging

PolyPhen 2 Score 0.999 (Sensitivity: 0.14; Specificity: 0.99)
(Using ENSMUST00000021706)
SMART Domains Protein: ENSMUSP00000058361
Gene: ENSMUSG00000021277
AA Change: D535E

DomainStartEndE-ValueType
RING 52 87 5.85e-2 SMART
Pfam:zf-TRAF 135 191 1.5e-17 PFAM
coiled coil region 273 312 N/A INTRINSIC
MATH 394 517 5.69e-18 SMART
Predicted Effect probably damaging

PolyPhen 2 Score 0.979 (Sensitivity: 0.75; Specificity: 0.96)
(Using ENSMUST00000060274)
SMART Domains Protein: ENSMUSP00000112517
Gene: ENSMUSG00000021277
AA Change: D535E

DomainStartEndE-ValueType
RING 52 87 5.85e-2 SMART
Pfam:zf-TRAF 135 191 1.5e-17 PFAM
coiled coil region 273 312 N/A INTRINSIC
MATH 394 517 5.69e-18 SMART
Predicted Effect probably damaging

PolyPhen 2 Score 0.979 (Sensitivity: 0.75; Specificity: 0.96)
(Using ENSMUST00000117269)
Meta Mutation Damage Score 0.8611 question?
Is this an essential gene? Essential (E-score: 1.000) question?
Phenotypic Category Autosomal Recessive
Candidate Explorer Status loading ...
Single pedigree
Linkage Analysis Data
Penetrance  
Alleles Listed at MGI

All mutations/alleles(19) : Chemically induced (ENU)(1) Gene trapped(10) Targeted(8)

Lab Alleles
AlleleSourceChrCoordTypePredicted EffectPPH Score
IGL00420:Traf3 APN 12 111205501 missense probably damaging 0.99
IGL02015:Traf3 APN 12 111219174 missense probably benign
IGL02318:Traf3 APN 12 111204031 missense probably benign
IGL02429:Traf3 APN 12 111209899 missense probably benign 0.19
IGL03088:Traf3 APN 12 111228277 missense probably damaging 0.99
Han UTSW 12 111228010 missense probably damaging 1.00
Hulk UTSW 12 111228010 missense probably damaging 1.00
Magnificent UTSW 12 111204187 missense probably damaging 1.00
sundae UTSW 12 111221658 missense possibly damaging 0.80
R0023:Traf3 UTSW 12 111209912 nonsense probably null
R0143:Traf3 UTSW 12 111228010 missense probably damaging 1.00
R1453:Traf3 UTSW 12 111221757 missense probably damaging 0.96
R1507:Traf3 UTSW 12 111227194 missense probably benign 0.30
R1651:Traf3 UTSW 12 111228470 missense probably damaging 1.00
R1714:Traf3 UTSW 12 111208907 missense probably benign 0.01
R1996:Traf3 UTSW 12 111227095 missense probably benign 0.21
R1997:Traf3 UTSW 12 111227095 missense probably benign 0.21
R3946:Traf3 UTSW 12 111221679 missense possibly damaging 0.91
R4477:Traf3 UTSW 12 111215036 missense probably benign 0.00
R4645:Traf3 UTSW 12 111228400 missense probably damaging 1.00
R4723:Traf3 UTSW 12 111228470 missense probably damaging 1.00
R4820:Traf3 UTSW 12 111227204 missense possibly damaging 0.96
R5123:Traf3 UTSW 12 111209952 missense possibly damaging 0.52
R5775:Traf3 UTSW 12 111219162 missense possibly damaging 0.91
R5825:Traf3 UTSW 12 111221795 missense probably benign 0.03
R5912:Traf3 UTSW 12 111221783 missense probably benign 0.01
R6611:Traf3 UTSW 12 111204074 missense possibly damaging 0.76
R6933:Traf3 UTSW 12 111221658 missense possibly damaging 0.80
R7389:Traf3 UTSW 12 111204187 missense probably damaging 1.00
R7425:Traf3 UTSW 12 111227095 nonsense probably null
R8512:Traf3 UTSW 12 111228426 missense probably benign 0.06
R8705:Traf3 UTSW 12 111208938 missense possibly damaging 0.68
R8744:Traf3 UTSW 12 111228230 missense probably benign 0.40
R9144:Traf3 UTSW 12 111228294 missense probably benign
X0052:Traf3 UTSW 12 111219170 missense probably benign 0.41
Z1176:Traf3 UTSW 12 111228270 missense probably damaging 1.00
Z1177:Traf3 UTSW 12 111227926 frame shift probably null
Mode of Inheritance Autosomal Recessive
Local Stock Sperm
MMRRC Submission 038162-MU
Last Updated 2017-10-14 4:02 PM by Katherine Timer
Record Created 2015-01-18 8:55 AM by Kuan-Wen Wang
Record Posted 2015-02-11
Phenotypic Description

Figure 4. Homozygous bananasplit mice exhibited diminished T-dependent IgG responses to recombinant Semliki Forest virus (rSFV)-encoded β-galactosidase (rSFV-β-gal). IgG levels were determined by ELISA. Normalized data are shown. Abbreviations: WT, wild-type; REF, homozygous reference mice; HET, heterozygous variant mice; VAR, homozygous variant mice. Mean (μ) and standard deviation (σ) are indicated.

The bananasplit phenotype was identified among N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea (ENU)-mutagenized G3 mice of the pedigree R1651, some of which showed a reduced T-dependent antibody response to recombinant Semliki Forest virus (rSFV)-encoded β-galactosidase (rSFV-β-gal; Figure 1). 

Nature of Mutation

Figure 2. Linkage mapping of the reduced T-dependent IgG response to rSFV-β-gal using a recessive model of inheritance. Manhattan plot shows -log10 P values (Y-axis) plotted against the chromosome positions of 73 mutations (X-axis) identified in the G1 male of pedigree R1651.  Normalized phenotype data are shown for single locus linkage analysis with consideration of G2 dam identity.  Horizontal pink and red lines represent thresholds of P = 0.05, and the threshold for P = 0.05 after applying Bonferroni correction, respectively.

Whole exome HiSeq sequencing of the G1 grandsire identified 73 mutations. The diminished T-dependent antibody response to rSFV-β-gal was linked by continuous variable mapping to a mutation in Traf3: a T to G transversion at base pair 111,262,036 (v38) on chromosome 12, or base pair 95,667 in the GenBank genomic region NC_000078 encoding Traf3. Linkage was found with a recessive model of inheritance (P = 7.049 x 10-8), wherein one variant homozygote mouse departed phenotypically from three homozygous reference mice and six heterozygous mice (Figure 2). The mutation corresponds to residue 2,041 in the mRNA sequence NM_011632 within exon 12 of 12 total exons.

2024 ATTAAGGTCATAGTGGATACCTCGGATCTGCCT

555  -I--K--V--I--V--D--T--S--D--L--P-

The mutated nucleotide is indicated in red.  The mutation results in an aspartic acid (D) to glutamic acid (E) substitution at position 560 (D560E) in the TRAF3 protein, and is strongly predicted by Polyphen-2 to cause loss of function (score = 1.00).

Illustration of Mutations in
Gene & Protein
Protein Prediction

Figure 6. Domain structure of TRAF3. Please see the text for more details about the domains shown. Abbreviations: RING, really interesting new gene; ZINC, zinc finger motifs; CC, coiled coil; TRAF, TNFR-associated factor. The bananasplit mutation is a D to E substitution at position 560 (D560E). The image is interactive; click to view other mutations in TRAF3.

Traf3 encodes the ubiquitously expressed tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), a member of the TRAF family of intracellular adaptor proteins. Similar to the other members of the TRAF family, TRAF3 has an N-terminal really interesting new gene (RING) finger domain (amino acids 52-87, SMART), two zinc finger domains (amino acids 135-191 & 191-250, SMART), a coiled-coil domain (amino acids 298-337, SMART), and a C-terminal meprin and TRAF homology (MATH) domain (often designated simply as the TRAF domain; amino acids 419-542, SMART) [Figure 3; (1;2)]. The bananasplit mutation (D560E) is in an undefined domain near the C-terminus of the TRAF3 protein.

Please see the record hulk for information about Traf3.

Putative Mechanism

TRAF3 functions in several cell types including B cells, T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and osteoclast precursors [reviewed in (3)]. TRAF3 functions in the alternative (i.e., non-canonical) NF-κB (NF-κB2; see the record for xander) signaling pathway [(4;5); reviewed in (2)]. The NF-κB2 pathway regulates secondary lymphoid organogenesis via LTβR-associated signaling (see the record kama), thymic epithelial cell development, and iNKT cell development as well as B cell development, maintenance, and antibody production (6-9). TRAF3 is essential for T helper cell function in antigen-specific IgG responses to T cell-dependent antigens (9;10). In T cell-specific Traf3 knockout mouse (T-TRAF3-/-; CD4CreTRAF3flox/flox), the T-dependent IgG1 response to TNP-KLH was impaired at all timepoints examined (9). Similar to the hulk mice, the bananasplit mice exhibit a reduced response to rSFV-β-gal, indicating diminished TRAF3 function.

Primers PCR Primer
bananasplit_pcr_F: GCCGTTCAAGCAGAAAGTGACAC
bananasplit_pcr_R: GCCTACTCAGGGTCTTCTGACAAAC

Sequencing Primer
bananasplit_seq_F: ACACTTATGCTGATGGATCAGG
bananasplit_seq_R: CTCGTAGGTTAACATGCTGACAC
Genotyping

PCR program

1) 94°C 2:00
2) 94°C 0:30
3) 55°C 0:30
4) 72°C 1:00
5) repeat steps (2-4) 40x
6) 72°C 10:00
7) 4°C hold


The following sequence of 794 nucleotides is amplified (chromosome 12, + strand):


1   gccgttcaag cagaaagtga cacttatgct gatggatcag gggtcctctc gccgtcatct
61  gggagatgcg ttcaagcctg accccaacag cagcagcttc aagaaaccca ccggagagat
121 gaatatcgcc tctggctgcc cagtctttgt cgcccaaact gttctagaga acgggacgta
181 tattaaagat gatacaatct ttattaaggt catagtggat acctcggatc tgcctgaccc
241 ctgacaagaa agcagggcgg tggattcagc agaaggtaac tcctctgggg gggtgagcta
301 gtgtcttcac ggaggtcctc gccctcagaa aggaccttgt gggacagagg aagcagccgg
361 aggaggagaa ggaggtcgag tggctggcag gagagccaca tgtgaaaaca gaccccaacg
421 gattttctaa tagactagcc acacccactc tgaaggatta tttatccatc aacaagataa
481 atactgctgt cagagaaggt tttcattttc attttaaaag atctagttaa ttaaggtggg
541 aacatatatg ctaaaaagaa acatgatttt tcttccttaa cttaaacacc aaaaagagaa
601 cacatgtggg ggtagctgga tgtgtcagca tgttaaccta cgaggagaac ttatgaaatc
661 ataacacaat ccccatatac tcatcctaaa attcaagagt gcaatcttgt ttcaaatata
721 gtatattgtc tatttttaag gcctcatctg gtctctgttt taataatttg tttgtcagaa
781 gaccctgagt aggc


Primer binding sites are underlined and the sequencing primers are highlighted; the mutated nucleotide is shown in red.

References
Science Writers Anne Murray
Illustrators Katherine Timer
AuthorsKuan-Wen Wang, Jin Huk Choi, Apiruck Watthanasurorot, Bruce Beutler