Phenotypic Mutation 'Onion' (pdf version)
AlleleOnion
Mutation Type nonsense
Chromosome17
Coordinate57,709,841 bp (GRCm39)
Base Change T ⇒ A (forward strand)
Gene Adgre1
Gene Name adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1
Synonym(s) DD7A5-7, EGF-TM7, Emr1, Ly71, F4/80, TM7LN3
Chromosomal Location 57,665,691-57,790,527 bp (+) (GRCm39)
MGI Phenotype FUNCTION: [Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] This gene encodes a protein that has a domain resembling seven transmembrane G protein-coupled hormone receptors (7TM receptors) at its C-terminus. The N-terminus of the encoded protein has six EGF-like modules, separated from the transmembrane segments by a serine/threonine-rich domain, a feature reminiscent of mucin-like, single-span, integral membrane glycoproteins with adhesive properties. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]
PHENOTYPE: Homozygous null mice fail to develop peripheral tolerance after inoculation with antigen because of a lack of efferent regulatory T cell development. [provided by MGI curators]
Accession Number

NCBI RefSeq: NM_010130; MGI: 106912

MappedYes 
Amino Acid Change Leucine changed to Stop codon
Institutional SourceBeutler Lab
Gene Model predicted gene model for protein(s): [ENSMUSP00000004850] [ENSMUSP00000083971]
AlphaFold Q61549
SMART Domains Protein: ENSMUSP00000004850
Gene: ENSMUSG00000004730
AA Change: L166*

DomainStartEndE-ValueType
low complexity region 19 32 N/A INTRINSIC
EGF 35 80 1.43e-1 SMART
EGF_CA 81 122 3.59e-7 SMART
EGF_CA 133 172 4.56e-9 SMART
EGF_CA 173 221 1.29e-8 SMART
EGF_CA 222 271 2.31e-10 SMART
EGF_CA 272 318 1.06e-9 SMART
EGF_CA 319 367 1.18e-7 SMART
GPS 591 641 2.57e-19 SMART
Pfam:7tm_2 644 885 2.1e-63 PFAM
Predicted Effect probably null
SMART Domains Protein: ENSMUSP00000083971
Gene: ENSMUSG00000004730
AA Change: L166*

DomainStartEndE-ValueType
low complexity region 19 32 N/A INTRINSIC
EGF 35 80 1.43e-1 SMART
EGF_CA 81 122 3.59e-7 SMART
EGF_CA 133 172 4.56e-9 SMART
EGF_CA 173 221 1.29e-8 SMART
EGF_CA 222 271 2.31e-10 SMART
EGF_CA 272 318 1.06e-9 SMART
EGF_CA 319 367 1.18e-7 SMART
GPS 591 641 2.57e-19 SMART
Pfam:7tm_2 644 885 2.1e-63 PFAM
Predicted Effect probably null
Meta Mutation Damage Score 0.9755 question?
Is this an essential gene? Probably nonessential (E-score: 0.190) question?
Phenotypic Category Autosomal Semidominant
Candidate Explorer Status loading ...
Single pedigree
Linkage Analysis Data
Penetrance  
Alleles Listed at MGI

All alleles(4) : Targeted(3) Chemically induced(1)

Lab Alleles
AlleleSourceChrCoordTypePredicted EffectPPH Score
IGL00090:Adgre1 APN 17 57757055 missense probably benign 0.00
IGL00966:Adgre1 APN 17 57726335 missense probably benign 0.04
IGL01680:Adgre1 APN 17 57709620 missense unknown
IGL01724:Adgre1 APN 17 57751064 nonsense probably null
IGL02172:Adgre1 APN 17 57785879 missense probably damaging 1.00
IGL02260:Adgre1 APN 17 57754891 missense probably benign 0.01
IGL02272:Adgre1 APN 17 57757021 nonsense probably null
IGL02336:Adgre1 APN 17 57718024 nonsense probably null
IGL02346:Adgre1 APN 17 57750919 missense probably benign 0.15
IGL02398:Adgre1 APN 17 57709824 nonsense probably null
IGL02618:Adgre1 APN 17 57751021 missense possibly damaging 0.66
IGL02690:Adgre1 APN 17 57787921 missense probably damaging 1.00
IGL02936:Adgre1 APN 17 57785833 missense probably benign 0.26
IGL03112:Adgre1 APN 17 57755029 splice site probably null
IGL03350:Adgre1 APN 17 57708908 missense probably benign 0.16
F480 UTSW 17 57751063 missense probably damaging 1.00
lomax UTSW 17 57709811 missense unknown
Scallion UTSW 17 57708977 missense possibly damaging 0.90
R0049:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57709841 nonsense probably null
R0153:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57750939 missense possibly damaging 0.92
R0277:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57751060 missense probably benign 0.00
R0278:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57754872 missense probably benign 0.07
R0323:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57751060 missense probably benign 0.00
R0389:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57713839 missense possibly damaging 0.80
R0492:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57709742 missense unknown
R0621:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57748359 missense probably damaging 0.98
R0647:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57718003 missense probably damaging 1.00
R1310:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57754936 missense probably benign 0.00
R1601:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57748353 missense probably benign 0.01
R1689:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57756921 missense probably benign 0.31
R1708:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57708974 missense possibly damaging 0.93
R1796:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57748350 missense probably benign 0.43
R1839:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57748299 missense probably benign 0.00
R1860:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57748363 missense probably benign 0.00
R2165:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57726338 missense probably damaging 0.97
R2219:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57708912 missense possibly damaging 0.92
R2519:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57717956 missense probably damaging 1.00
R3874:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57708925 missense probably benign 0.08
R3911:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57754860 missense probably damaging 1.00
R4190:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57709811 missense unknown
R4439:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57754954 missense probably damaging 1.00
R4513:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57717947 missense probably benign 0.34
R4529:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57727519 missense possibly damaging 0.92
R4543:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57713874 missense probably benign 0.07
R4610:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57757073 missense possibly damaging 0.50
R4665:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57787947 missense probably benign 0.20
R4911:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57754832 missense possibly damaging 0.57
R4928:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57751064 nonsense probably null
R4942:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57713903 missense probably damaging 1.00
R4946:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57750918 missense probably benign 0.33
R4953:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57748321 missense probably damaging 0.99
R5107:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57708977 missense possibly damaging 0.90
R5366:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57709817 missense probably benign 0.39
R5590:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57752034 missense probably damaging 1.00
R5619:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57727437 missense probably benign 0.15
R5699:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57788007 missense probably benign 0.43
R5734:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57750990 missense probably benign 0.00
R5860:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57752034 missense probably damaging 1.00
R6039:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57713859 missense probably benign 0.28
R6039:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57713859 missense probably benign 0.28
R6149:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57752018 missense probably benign 0.08
R6478:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57708955 missense possibly damaging 0.81
R6709:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57713917 missense probably benign 0.10
R6864:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57785879 missense probably damaging 1.00
R6945:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57727399 missense probably benign 0.39
R6945:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57717844 missense probably benign 0.01
R6988:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57715445 missense probably benign 0.00
R7019:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57717945 missense probably damaging 0.98
R7154:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57751087 splice site probably null
R7347:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57727441 missense probably damaging 1.00
R7459:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57756933 missense probably damaging 1.00
R7709:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57709519 missense unknown
R7939:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57756938 missense probably damaging 0.98
R7977:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57754987 missense possibly damaging 0.54
R7987:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57754987 missense possibly damaging 0.54
R8187:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57727349 missense probably benign 0.00
R8210:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57752061 missense possibly damaging 0.94
R8223:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57668692 missense probably damaging 0.99
R8344:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57715459 missense probably benign 0.12
R8698:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57709003 missense probably benign 0.05
R9236:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57709782 nonsense probably null
R9262:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57754941 missense probably damaging 1.00
R9303:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57748275 missense probably benign 0.00
R9305:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57748275 missense probably benign 0.00
R9605:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57718083 missense probably benign 0.00
R9661:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57748368 missense possibly damaging 0.70
R9678:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57750997 missense probably damaging 0.96
R9751:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57757101 missense probably null 0.06
R9785:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57785930 missense probably damaging 1.00
Z1176:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57668729 missense possibly damaging 0.76
Z1177:Adgre1 UTSW 17 57726374 missense probably damaging 0.96
Mode of Inheritance Autosomal Semidominant
Local Stock Live Mice, gDNA
MMRRC Submission 036922-MU
Last Updated 2021-11-01 7:47 AM by Diantha La Vine
Record Created 2013-03-07 5:19 PM by Ming Zeng
Record Posted 2013-07-19
Phenotypic Description
Figure 1. The Onion mice exhibit loss of F4/80+ macrophages in the peripheral blood.

The Onion phenotype was initially identified among G3 mice homozygous for mutations induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and tested in the FACS screen of peripheral blood. Onion mice exhibited loss of F4/80+ macrophages in the peripheral blood (Figure 1).

Nature of Mutation

Whole exome HiSeq sequencing identified 89 mutations in the G1 mouse (R0049). Three G3 siblings with the Onion phenotype were genotyped at all 89 mutation sites and three mutations on chromosome 17 were homozygous in all three mice. Of these, the mutation in Emr1 was presumed to be causative because the Onion phenotype mirrored the F4/80 phenotype attributed to Emr1.  Capillary sequencing confirmed a T to A transversion at 57542264 bp on Chromosome 17 (v37) in the GenBank genomic region NC_000083 encoding Emr1. The mutation corresponds to cDNA residue 497 in exon 5 of 23 total exons in transcript ENSMUST00000004850. The mutation also corresponds to    cDNA residue 537 in transcript ENSMUST00000086763 (residue 537 in the mRNA transcript NM_010130.4, which corresponds to this Ensembl transcript) in exon 5 of 22 total exons.

524 CCAGGCTTTGTCTTGAATGGCTCCATT

162 -P--G--F--V--L--N--G--S--I-

The mutated nucleotide is indicated in red.  The mutation results in a leucine (L) to premature stop codon substitution at residue 166, and may cause nonsense mediated decay of the transcript.

Illustration of Mutations in
Gene & Protein
Protein Prediction

Emr1 encodes the F4/80 glycoprotein, which is a cell surface receptor that contains seven transmembrane (TM7) domains (Figure 3). F4/80 is a member of the B2 class of TM7 receptors, which are characterized by a long N-terminal extracellular region. Following a signal peptide, the extracellular N-terminal third of F4/80 (amino acids 32-367) contains seven tandem EGF-like domains (1), approximately 50 amino acids in length and characterized by the presence of six cysteine residues positioned to form three disulfide bonds within each domain. The EGF-like domains mediate protein-protein interactions. Five of the seven EGF-like domains of F4/80 contain consensus Ca2+-binding motifs. The C-terminal third of F4/80 (amino acids ~645-931) contains seven transmembrane segments, three extracellular loops, and three intracellular loops, with the C-terminus of the protein located intracellularly. Between the EGF-like domains at the N-terminus and the TM7 structure at the C-terminus, the middle third, or stalk region, of F4/80 has no significant similarity to other known protein domains. This portion of the protein (amino acids ~399-642) contains 4 potential N-glycosylation sites and 47 potential O-glycosylation sites (i.e. approximately 20% serine/threonine content). The Onion mutation results in coding of a premature stop codon at position 166 within the extracellular N-terminal third of F4/80 (amino acids 32-367). The Onion mutation is expected to alter both of the protein-coding transcripts of Emr1 (ENSMUST00000004850 and ENSMUST00000086763); ENSMUST00000086763 is not listed as a transcript by NCBI.

Please see the record for F4/80 for more information about Emr1.

Putative Mechanism

F4/80 is best known as a macrophage-specific marker. The physiological function of F4/80 has only begun to be investigated, and evidence of its function remains sparse. F4/80-/- mice are healthy and fertile, and display no gross abnormalities or phenotypes (2;3). Histological analysis showed that immune tissues appear normal, and flow cytometric analysis demonstrated normal populations of B and T cells. Furthermore, F4/80-/- macrophage development, as determined by examination of expression profiles of several macrophage-restricted cell surface proteins, is comparable to that of wild type mice. F4/80-/- macrophages phagocytose target cells normally, and produce normal levels of nitric oxide and cytokines stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or IFN-γ (2).  F4/80-/- mice (and the ENU-induced Emr1F4/80/F4/80 mutants) also display normal resistance to infection by Listeria monocytogenes (3). This finding contrasts with previous work demonstrating that treatment with anti-F4/80 mAb impairs splenic macrophage production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-12 induced by exposure to heat-killed Listeria (4). However, whether Listeria infection modulates the expression of F4/80 is unknown, as is the molecular effect of anti-F4/80 mAb treatment on cells.

F4/80 protein and mRNA expression have not been examined in the Onion mice, the Onion mutation is proposed to alter the surface expression of F4/80, leading to the phenotype observed in the FACS screen.

Primers Primers cannot be located by automatic search.
Genotyping

Onion genotyping is performed by amplifying the region containing the mutation using PCR, followed by sequencing of the amplified region to detect the single nucleotide change.  The following primers are used for PCR amplification:

Primers for PCR amplification

Onion(F):  5’- TCTTTGGTGGTCAGCACACAGC -3’

Onion(R):  5’- TCCTGAAGTGTGACTTGATGTGCC -3’

Primers for sequencing

Onion_seq(F):  5’- TGGTCAGCACACAGCACATAG -3’

PCR program

1) 94°C        2:00

2) 94°C        0:30

3) 57°C        0:30

4) 72°C        1:00

5) repeat steps (2-4) 29x

6) 72°C        7:00

7) 4°C            ∞

The following sequence of 414 nucleotides (from Genbank genomic region NC_000083 for linear DNA sequence of Emr1) is amplified:

44000                     t ctttggtggt cagcacacag cacatagttc actcactctc

44041 ttttactgcc ctgcagatgt tgatgagtgt ctgacaattg ggatctgccc taagtattcc

44101 aactgctcta actctgtggg aagctacagc tgtacctgtc aaccaggctt tgtcttgaat

44161 ggctccattt gtgaaggttt gcaacacctg gtccttgcaa tttttctttt tttttcttat

44221 ttatttattt atttatttat ttatttattt atttatttat ttattctatt tatatcccaa

44281 tatcagttcc tctattcccc ccagtcattc tcttacacag ctcctccctc tattccacca

44341 tcttctcctc tgaggaggca gaggcccaac ttgtgtatca ccccaccatg gcacatcaag

44401 tcacacttca gga

Primer binding sites are underlined; sequencing primers are highlighted; the mutated nucleotide is highlighted in red.

References
Science Writers Anne Murray
Illustrators Peter Jurek
AuthorsMing Zeng, Kuan-wen Wang, and Bruce Beutler