Mutagenetix > Incidental Mutation

Incidental Mutation 'IGL01670:Frem2'

103449

Institutional Source

Australian Phenomics Network (link to record)

Gene Symbol

Frem2

Ensembl Gene

ENSMUSG00000037016

Gene Name

Fras1 related extracellular matrix protein 2

Synonyms

8430406N05Rik, ne, 6030440P17Rik, b2b1562Clo, my

Accession Numbers

Essential gene?

Essential (E-score: 1.000) question?

Stock #

IGL01670

Quality Score

Status

Chromosome

Chromosomal Location

53421359-53564776 bp(-) (GRCm39)

Type of Mutation

missense

DNA Base Change (assembly)

A to T at 53564358 bp (GRCm39)

Zygosity

Heterozygous

Amino Acid Change

Serine to Threonine at position 50 (S50T)

Ref Sequence

ENSEMBL: ENSMUSP00000088670 (fasta)

Gene Model

predicted gene model for transcript(s): [ENSMUST00000091137]

AlphaFold

no structure available at present

Predicted Effect

possibly damaging
Transcript: ENSMUST00000091137
AA Change: S50T

PolyPhen 2 Score 0.948 (Sensitivity: 0.79; Specificity: 0.95)

SMART Domains

Protein: ENSMUSP00000088670
Gene: ENSMUSG00000037016
AA Change: S50T

Domain	Start	End	E-Value	Type
signal peptide	1	39	N/A	INTRINSIC
Pfam:Cadherin_3	249	388	4.3e-9	PFAM
Pfam:Cadherin_3	376	532	3e-34	PFAM
Pfam:Cadherin_3	516	665	7.5e-24	PFAM
Pfam:Cadherin_3	632	798	1.6e-21	PFAM
Pfam:Cadherin_3	763	910	1.2e-25	PFAM
Pfam:Cadherin_3	879	1027	5.1e-18	PFAM
Pfam:Cadherin_3	1015	1159	2.2e-20	PFAM
CA	1202	1293	4.8e-1	SMART
Pfam:Cadherin_3	1392	1503	9.8e-24	PFAM
Pfam:Cadherin_3	1504	1612	6.2e-28	PFAM
Pfam:Cadherin_3	1613	1743	5.3e-20	PFAM
Calx_beta	1748	1847	1.5e-5	SMART
Calx_beta	1860	1971	9.47e-12	SMART
Calx_beta	1985	2092	1.65e-11	SMART
Calx_beta	2105	2209	1.99e-5	SMART
Calx_beta	2227	2331	6.9e-14	SMART
transmembrane domain	3103	3125	N/A	INTRINSIC

Predicted Effect

noncoding transcript
Transcript: ENSMUST00000199323

Coding Region Coverage

Validation Efficiency

MGI Phenotype

FUNCTION: [Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] This gene encodes an integral membrane protein containing numerous CSPG (chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan element) repeats and Calx-beta domains. The encoded protein localizes to the basement membrane, forming a ternary complex that plays a role in epidermal-dermal interactions. This protein is important for the integrity of skin and renal epithelia. Mutations in this gene are associated with Fraser syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]
PHENOTYPE: Mice homozygous for mutations at this locus display a significant amount of embryonic lethality due to hemorrhaging of embryonic blisters. Kidney development is severely affected and syndactyly is common. Phenotypes of homozygous mutants are indistinguishable from those of Fras1 homozygous mutant. [provided by MGI curators]

Allele List at MGI

Other mutations in this stock

Total: 46 list
Gene	Ref	Var	Chr/Loc	Mutation	Predicted Effect	Zygosity
Acy1	A	C	9: 106,314,006 (GRCm39)		probably benign	Het
Add1	C	A	5: 34,777,407 (GRCm39)	Q57K	probably damaging	Het
Alms1	A	G	6: 85,655,132 (GRCm39)	E3226G	probably benign	Het
Arl1	G	T	10: 88,577,884 (GRCm39)	R151L	probably damaging	Het
Cabs1	T	A	5: 88,127,869 (GRCm39)	D173E	possibly damaging	Het
Cdc34b	T	C	11: 94,632,845 (GRCm39)	L15P	probably benign	Het
Cdyl2	A	G	8: 117,351,092 (GRCm39)	V13A	probably damaging	Het
Chd7	G	T	4: 8,827,033 (GRCm39)	R1026L	probably damaging	Het
Cldn34b4	T	C	X: 75,441,195 (GRCm39)	S151P	probably damaging	Het
Col14a1	T	A	15: 55,192,662 (GRCm39)	I25N	unknown	Het
Crisp4	T	A	1: 18,198,901 (GRCm39)	T178S	probably benign	Het
Csmd2	C	T	4: 128,407,164 (GRCm39)		probably benign	Het
Csmd3	T	G	15: 47,475,225 (GRCm39)	N2454H	probably damaging	Het
Cytip	A	T	2: 58,023,785 (GRCm39)	I345N	probably damaging	Het
Gm9747	C	T	1: 82,211,870 (GRCm39)		probably benign	Het
Gpr37	A	G	6: 25,669,833 (GRCm39)	F337S	probably damaging	Het
Herc1	A	G	9: 66,394,342 (GRCm39)	E4182G	probably damaging	Het
Isyna1	C	T	8: 71,049,706 (GRCm39)	P511L	probably benign	Het
Kdm4a	T	C	4: 118,017,698 (GRCm39)	Y456C	probably damaging	Het
Kera	A	T	10: 97,444,939 (GRCm39)	R99S	possibly damaging	Het
Larp7-ps	T	C	4: 92,079,737 (GRCm39)		probably null	Het
Mcm2	A	G	6: 88,864,614 (GRCm39)		probably benign	Het
Myl12a	T	C	17: 71,303,848 (GRCm39)	T10A	probably benign	Het
Nav3	A	G	10: 109,550,102 (GRCm39)	V1876A	possibly damaging	Het
Nkx6-1	T	A	5: 101,809,806 (GRCm39)	Q247L	probably benign	Het
Nol8	A	C	13: 49,814,784 (GRCm39)	K297N	possibly damaging	Het
Or4c119	T	A	2: 88,987,261 (GRCm39)	Y86F	probably benign	Het
Or51e1	A	T	7: 102,358,772 (GRCm39)	Q102L	probably damaging	Het
Or5w18	A	G	2: 87,633,224 (GRCm39)	T164A	probably benign	Het
Pard3b	A	T	1: 62,250,807 (GRCm39)	N579Y	probably damaging	Het
Pdcd11	T	A	19: 47,094,743 (GRCm39)	L509H	probably damaging	Het
Prss29	T	C	17: 25,541,437 (GRCm39)	S266P	probably benign	Het
Rapgef3	G	T	15: 97,647,543 (GRCm39)	H766N	probably benign	Het
Rasa1	A	T	13: 85,373,609 (GRCm39)	S818T	probably damaging	Het
Rtn4ip1	A	G	10: 43,804,322 (GRCm39)	M1V	probably null	Het
Sall1	A	T	8: 89,758,199 (GRCm39)	V635D	probably benign	Het
Slc35b4	C	T	6: 34,147,484 (GRCm39)	V35I	probably benign	Het
Slc5a11	G	A	7: 122,869,172 (GRCm39)	A587T	probably benign	Het
Slc6a21	T	C	7: 44,937,557 (GRCm39)	V616A	possibly damaging	Het
Sorl1	A	G	9: 41,912,788 (GRCm39)	S1398P	possibly damaging	Het
Srcap	A	G	7: 127,127,604 (GRCm39)	K390E	probably damaging	Het
Sycp2	C	T	2: 178,019,843 (GRCm39)	E558K	probably benign	Het
Tcf20	T	C	15: 82,739,564 (GRCm39)	N629S	possibly damaging	Het
Tmem154	A	G	3: 84,591,537 (GRCm39)	Y29C	probably damaging	Het
Tmtc3	A	G	10: 100,282,987 (GRCm39)	I856T	probably benign	Het
Zswim6	A	G	13: 107,865,101 (GRCm39)		noncoding transcript	Het

Other mutations in Frem2

Allele	Source	Chr	Coord	Type	Predicted Effect	PPH Score
IGL00895:Frem2	APN	3	53,493,016 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
IGL00911:Frem2	APN	3	53,479,883 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
IGL01322:Frem2	APN	3	53,448,459 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.00
IGL01330:Frem2	APN	3	53,562,662 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.70
IGL01406:Frem2	APN	3	53,433,317 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
IGL01556:Frem2	APN	3	53,442,702 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.23
IGL01580:Frem2	APN	3	53,562,596 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
IGL01606:Frem2	APN	3	53,561,012 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.69
IGL01611:Frem2	APN	3	53,563,130 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.00
IGL01648:Frem2	APN	3	53,443,153 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.86
IGL01663:Frem2	APN	3	53,424,434 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
IGL01665:Frem2	APN	3	53,457,083 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.07
IGL01960:Frem2	APN	3	53,429,725 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.33
IGL02175:Frem2	APN	3	53,563,020 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.69
IGL02201:Frem2	APN	3	53,427,061 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.35
IGL02202:Frem2	APN	3	53,562,220 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.00
IGL02427:Frem2	APN	3	53,443,184 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.97
IGL02457:Frem2	APN	3	53,428,470 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
IGL02638:Frem2	APN	3	53,458,767 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.94
IGL02801:Frem2	APN	3	53,559,596 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.85
IGL03023:Frem2	APN	3	53,563,049 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.40
IGL03169:Frem2	APN	3	53,429,713 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.01
IGL03238:Frem2	APN	3	53,563,682 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.93
IGL03251:Frem2	APN	3	53,479,729 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.01
IGL03273:Frem2	APN	3	53,444,930 (GRCm39)	nonsense	probably null
IGL03343:Frem2	APN	3	53,559,674 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
Biosimilar	UTSW	3	53,561,744 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.01
Fruit_stripe	UTSW	3	53,444,910 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.21
PIT4366001:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,560,622 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.98
R0019:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,431,099 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
R0092:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,497,217 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.03
R0108:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,555,382 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.03
R0115:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,563,629 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
R0118:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,442,664 (GRCm39)	nonsense	probably null
R0374:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,561,381 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R0437:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,560,436 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.96
R0531:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,427,375 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R0555:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,424,281 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.97
R0564:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,563,530 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.97
R0586:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,555,342 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
R0726:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,427,047 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.89
R0925:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,561,394 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign
R1233:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,455,199 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.98
R1302:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,562,959 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.00
R1333:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,457,152 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.26
R1446:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,562,017 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.31
R1523:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,562,828 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.73
R1539:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,561,631 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.19
R1543:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,479,876 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.86
R1597:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,561,940 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.19
R1600:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,455,144 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R1678:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,427,359 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R1687:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,561,373 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign
R1696:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,563,463 (GRCm39)	nonsense	probably null
R1758:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,560,778 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R1857:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,562,294 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.10
R1869:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,442,617 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.04
R1921:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,560,916 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.76
R1973:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,559,653 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.01
R2045:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,443,165 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R2113:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,560,343 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R2152:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,424,450 (GRCm39)	nonsense	probably null
R2164:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,444,751 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R2181:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,482,008 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.72
R2201:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,423,994 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign
R2221:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,424,278 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.00
R2255:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,559,935 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.96
R2280:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,479,844 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R3196:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,444,752 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R3716:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,479,781 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R3807:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,560,870 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.22
R3820:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,424,270 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R3821:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,559,836 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R3977:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,559,491 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.00
R3979:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,559,491 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.00
R4014:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,559,774 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.01
R4127:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,433,317 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R4195:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,446,689 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.90
R4196:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,446,689 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.90
R4374:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,452,923 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.61
R4427:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,446,583 (GRCm39)	critical splice donor site	probably null
R4428:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,561,759 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.40
R4559:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,561,742 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.01
R4600:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,455,228 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.96
R4602:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,455,228 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.96
R4610:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,455,228 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.96
R4611:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,455,228 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.96
R4661:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,562,864 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R4678:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,451,792 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.00
R4689:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,455,056 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.43
R4740:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,443,240 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.04
R4748:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,448,514 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R4790:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,424,162 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign
R4809:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,561,316 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.01
R4930:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,563,736 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.93
R4971:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,446,604 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R5057:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,442,617 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.37
R5202:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,458,767 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.41
R5221:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,493,032 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R5231:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,429,716 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R5268:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,560,575 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.96
R5480:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,563,928 (GRCm39)	nonsense	probably null
R5637:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,560,358 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.97
R5664:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,559,911 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.33
R5698:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,559,926 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.89
R5744:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,563,380 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R5754:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,444,679 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R5808:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,559,984 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.96
R5840:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,555,342 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
R5874:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,444,910 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.21
R6050:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,560,433 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
R6103:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,457,209 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.00
R6149:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,458,762 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.98
R6182:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,555,390 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R6191:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,562,701 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.10
R6245:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,563,245 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.00
R6252:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,479,869 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R6393:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,493,061 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.91
R6416:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,479,799 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.01
R6595:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,457,205 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R6665:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,562,077 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R6708:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,492,922 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.00
R6751:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,561,086 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R6787:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,561,744 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.01
R6913:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,424,242 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R6916:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,455,109 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R7017:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,427,023 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.02
R7083:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,444,914 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
R7108:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,560,934 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R7133:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,479,760 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.82
R7326:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,562,174 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R7341:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,561,916 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R7455:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,479,701 (GRCm39)	splice site	probably null
R7487:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,561,970 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.40
R7495:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,424,258 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.13
R7542:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,560,000 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R7636:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,560,668 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.00
R7703:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,429,589 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.01
R7750:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,431,103 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.83
R7849:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,479,795 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R7922:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,560,725 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.98
R8008:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,560,331 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R8051:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,442,776 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.04
R8052:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,457,064 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.02
R8176:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,562,761 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.50
R8220:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,563,928 (GRCm39)	nonsense	probably null
R8397:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,560,562 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.00
R8410:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,446,598 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.60
R8697:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,433,249 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
R9134:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,562,321 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R9183:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,427,486 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R9260:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,560,204 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	1.00
R9267:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,564,504 (GRCm39)	start codon destroyed	probably null	0.00
R9299:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,563,980 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.37
R9378:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,559,410 (GRCm39)	missense	probably damaging	0.99
R9444:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,560,265 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.10
R9459:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,560,907 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign
R9487:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,560,905 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.95
R9728:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,564,052 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.00
R9759:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,562,918 (GRCm39)	missense	possibly damaging	0.76
Z1177:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,563,028 (GRCm39)	missense	probably benign	0.31
Z1177:Frem2	UTSW	3	53,442,587 (GRCm39)	missense	probably null	1.00

Posted On

2014-01-21