Incidental Mutation 'R2073:Pdzd2'
ID 227365
Institutional Source Beutler Lab
Gene Symbol Pdzd2
Ensembl Gene ENSMUSG00000022197
Gene Name PDZ domain containing 2
Synonyms Gm21706, A930022H17Rik, Pdzk3, 4930537L06Rik, LOC223364
MMRRC Submission 040078-MU
Accession Numbers
Essential gene? Probably non essential (E-score: 0.117) question?
Stock # R2073 (G1)
Quality Score 225
Status Not validated
Chromosome 15
Chromosomal Location 12359797-12740010 bp(-) (GRCm39)
Type of Mutation missense
DNA Base Change (assembly) A to G at 12385905 bp (GRCm39)
Zygosity Heterozygous
Amino Acid Change Leucine to Proline at position 955 (L955P)
Ref Sequence ENSEMBL: ENSMUSP00000074788 (fasta)
Gene Model predicted gene model for transcript(s): [ENSMUST00000075317]
AlphaFold no structure available at present
Predicted Effect probably damaging
Transcript: ENSMUST00000075317
AA Change: L955P

PolyPhen 2 Score 0.999 (Sensitivity: 0.14; Specificity: 0.99)
SMART Domains Protein: ENSMUSP00000074788
Gene: ENSMUSG00000022197
AA Change: L955P

DomainStartEndE-ValueType
PDZ 81 179 1.27e-2 SMART
PDZ 342 419 1.51e-18 SMART
PDZ 597 675 5.25e-18 SMART
low complexity region 690 718 N/A INTRINSIC
PDZ 738 817 1.64e-10 SMART
low complexity region 861 869 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 969 984 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 986 1000 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 1436 1459 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 1525 1537 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 1538 1553 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 1567 1586 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 2111 2129 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 2190 2198 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 2335 2354 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 2469 2479 N/A INTRINSIC
PDZ 2589 2666 1.3e-13 SMART
PDZ 2716 2794 9.42e-20 SMART
Coding Region Coverage
  • 1x: 99.2%
  • 3x: 98.6%
  • 10x: 97.3%
  • 20x: 95.2%
Validation Efficiency
MGI Phenotype FUNCTION: [Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] The protein encoded by this gene contains six PDZ domains and shares sequence similarity with pro-interleukin-16 (pro-IL-16). Like pro-IL-16, the encoded protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and is thought to be cleaved by a caspase to produce a secreted peptide containing two PDZ domains. In addition, this gene is upregulated in primary prostate tumors and may be involved in the early stages of prostate tumorigenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]
PHENOTYPE: Mice homozygous for a gene trapped allele exhibit normal response to acute and chronic pain. [provided by MGI curators]
Allele List at MGI
Other mutations in this stock
Total: 86 list
GeneRefVarChr/LocMutationPredicted EffectZygosity
2310057M21Rik T C 7: 130,959,242 (GRCm39) R153G probably benign Het
5730596B20Rik C A 6: 52,155,962 (GRCm39) Y9* probably null Het
Aco1 G A 4: 40,183,605 (GRCm39) G508S probably damaging Het
Acot3 A G 12: 84,100,230 (GRCm39) H2R possibly damaging Het
Adamts13 T A 2: 26,896,326 (GRCm39) C1240S probably damaging Het
Adra1b T C 11: 43,726,698 (GRCm39) N73S probably damaging Het
Aebp2 G A 6: 140,579,420 (GRCm39) S219N probably benign Het
Akap8l C T 17: 32,551,457 (GRCm39) R511H probably damaging Het
Ank T C 15: 27,565,108 (GRCm39) S270P probably benign Het
Ankle1 G A 8: 71,861,973 (GRCm39) R492H possibly damaging Het
Ankub1 G A 3: 57,599,713 (GRCm39) H19Y possibly damaging Het
Anln C A 9: 22,244,464 (GRCm39) W1083L probably benign Het
Apaf1 G T 10: 90,867,556 (GRCm39) S763* probably null Het
Apba3 A G 10: 81,105,128 (GRCm39) T134A probably benign Het
Armh3 A T 19: 45,953,820 (GRCm39) I188K probably damaging Het
Bod1l C T 5: 41,976,532 (GRCm39) S1594N probably benign Het
C7 T C 15: 5,019,910 (GRCm39) M746V probably benign Het
Cdkn2a T A 4: 89,212,730 (GRCm39) I11F possibly damaging Het
Cideb T C 14: 55,992,617 (GRCm39) M100V possibly damaging Het
Cntnap5c T C 17: 58,612,547 (GRCm39) L862P possibly damaging Het
Coch A T 12: 51,649,472 (GRCm39) D261V probably benign Het
Cyp2ab1 A G 16: 20,132,639 (GRCm39) F220L possibly damaging Het
Ddx10 A T 9: 53,151,805 (GRCm39) D73E probably benign Het
Dgkg A G 16: 22,384,067 (GRCm39) F462S probably damaging Het
Dlgap3 C T 4: 127,089,159 (GRCm39) H252Y probably damaging Het
Dmd G C X: 83,356,089 (GRCm39) A2257P probably benign Het
Dnaaf6rt A G 1: 31,262,077 (GRCm39) S20G probably benign Het
Dnai4 G A 4: 102,907,390 (GRCm39) T632M probably damaging Het
Dtnb A G 12: 3,831,273 (GRCm39) T658A probably benign Het
Duox2 T A 2: 122,125,639 (GRCm39) S323C probably damaging Het
Dync1h1 T A 12: 110,581,026 (GRCm39) I251N probably damaging Het
Eml5 A G 12: 98,768,705 (GRCm39) S1457P probably damaging Het
Fam114a1 T A 5: 65,153,247 (GRCm39) probably null Het
Fcho1 A T 8: 72,163,133 (GRCm39) L632Q probably damaging Het
Gm12695 T C 4: 96,612,182 (GRCm39) Y527C possibly damaging Het
Gm16223 T C 5: 42,371,942 (GRCm39) C111R unknown Het
H2-Q4 T A 17: 35,599,378 (GRCm39) S154T possibly damaging Het
Hhat A G 1: 192,409,687 (GRCm39) F125L possibly damaging Het
Ier5l T A 2: 30,363,068 (GRCm39) D319V probably damaging Het
Kif5a T C 10: 127,081,238 (GRCm39) D232G probably damaging Het
M1ap A G 6: 82,958,863 (GRCm39) I165V probably benign Het
Map2k4 A C 11: 65,584,282 (GRCm39) F334V probably damaging Het
Mmp19 G A 10: 128,630,848 (GRCm39) R156H probably damaging Het
Mpped2 T A 2: 106,575,147 (GRCm39) Y77* probably null Het
Nhs T A X: 160,625,717 (GRCm39) H544L probably damaging Het
Nr4a1 C A 15: 101,171,948 (GRCm39) H541N probably damaging Het
Or4a74 A G 2: 89,439,822 (GRCm39) V208A probably benign Het
Or5b122 A T 19: 13,562,965 (GRCm39) Q99L probably damaging Het
Pak6 A C 2: 118,519,332 (GRCm39) N17T probably damaging Het
Pcnt T A 10: 76,216,214 (GRCm39) T2225S possibly damaging Het
Phf21a A G 2: 92,178,381 (GRCm39) D357G probably damaging Het
Pkhd1l1 G T 15: 44,422,035 (GRCm39) A3102S probably damaging Het
Plch2 A T 4: 155,074,366 (GRCm39) L754Q probably damaging Het
Plekhd1 A G 12: 80,768,066 (GRCm39) N335D probably benign Het
Pole C A 5: 110,473,417 (GRCm39) T1737N probably damaging Het
Potefam1 T C 2: 111,030,763 (GRCm39) E382G probably damaging Het
Pramel6 G A 2: 87,339,088 (GRCm39) S96N probably damaging Het
Prdm14 A C 1: 13,195,954 (GRCm39) Y36D possibly damaging Het
Psg27 T C 7: 18,294,342 (GRCm39) D355G probably damaging Het
Rfc1 A T 5: 65,459,282 (GRCm39) D225E probably damaging Het
Sec16a A G 2: 26,330,251 (GRCm39) I588T probably damaging Het
Setd6 G A 8: 96,443,416 (GRCm39) V60M probably damaging Het
Sgk3 A G 1: 9,961,649 (GRCm39) I432V probably benign Het
Six2 A G 17: 85,994,933 (GRCm39) S150P probably damaging Het
Slc1a6 T C 10: 78,635,964 (GRCm39) V343A possibly damaging Het
Slc43a3 T C 2: 84,774,956 (GRCm39) probably null Het
Smc3 A G 19: 53,619,964 (GRCm39) D620G probably benign Het
Smg6 C G 11: 74,821,120 (GRCm39) P464A probably damaging Het
Sox11 T C 12: 27,392,278 (GRCm39) T44A possibly damaging Het
Spata22 A G 11: 73,227,052 (GRCm39) R89G possibly damaging Het
Spmip6 A G 4: 41,507,519 (GRCm39) probably null Het
Stk3 T C 15: 34,959,195 (GRCm39) M256V possibly damaging Het
Syne2 A G 12: 76,062,353 (GRCm39) D4226G possibly damaging Het
Tecpr2 T C 12: 110,934,863 (GRCm39) S1370P possibly damaging Het
Tek A G 4: 94,715,966 (GRCm39) I463V probably benign Het
Trib1 T A 15: 59,526,189 (GRCm39) I253N probably damaging Het
Triobp G T 15: 78,858,095 (GRCm39) G1232V probably damaging Het
Trpm6 G A 19: 18,853,406 (GRCm39) V1809M probably damaging Het
Tsc22d4 A G 5: 137,760,749 (GRCm39) K57E possibly damaging Het
Vmn2r109 T A 17: 20,784,974 (GRCm39) K15N probably benign Het
Wnt9a A G 11: 59,222,055 (GRCm39) N318D probably damaging Het
Wwp1 A G 4: 19,662,181 (GRCm39) V138A possibly damaging Het
Zfp37 A T 4: 62,109,945 (GRCm39) M411K probably damaging Het
Zfp715 T A 7: 42,960,544 (GRCm39) T16S probably benign Het
Zfp932 A G 5: 110,157,684 (GRCm39) T461A possibly damaging Het
Zscan29 A T 2: 120,991,336 (GRCm39) C817* probably null Het
Other mutations in Pdzd2
AlleleSourceChrCoordTypePredicted EffectPPH Score
IGL00159:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,458,069 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.93
IGL00586:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,365,853 (GRCm39) splice site probably null
IGL00697:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,373,733 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.81
IGL00721:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,374,498 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.00
IGL00971:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,374,804 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.00
IGL01066:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,402,718 (GRCm39) unclassified probably benign
IGL01389:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,374,712 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.56
IGL01505:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,458,293 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
IGL01527:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,445,750 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
IGL01584:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,592,569 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
IGL01763:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,372,632 (GRCm39) missense probably benign
IGL01915:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,371,725 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
IGL01947:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,592,440 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
IGL02058:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,376,382 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.87
IGL02274:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,445,735 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
IGL02408:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,375,851 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.00
IGL02600:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,411,105 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
IGL02637:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,385,720 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.13
IGL02639:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,592,329 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
IGL02712:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,376,113 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.00
IGL02967:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,374,427 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.04
IGL02992:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,382,708 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.77
IGL03005:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,385,351 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
IGL03067:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,388,628 (GRCm39) critical splice donor site probably null
IGL03335:Pdzd2 APN 15 12,373,850 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.00
PIT4280001:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,399,374 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R0022:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,371,691 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.94
R0241:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,368,027 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R0241:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,368,027 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R0446:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,375,110 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.43
R0462:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,592,246 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R0562:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,592,364 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R0589:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,376,385 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.03
R0639:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,458,144 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.77
R0925:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,399,356 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R1015:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,374,594 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R1054:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,371,725 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R1070:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,390,052 (GRCm39) critical splice donor site probably null
R1099:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,373,173 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R1122:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,457,981 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.25
R1126:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,458,306 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.94
R1381:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,385,525 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.02
R1385:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,411,108 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.38
R1513:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,373,915 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.88
R1538:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,373,047 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R1750:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,385,950 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R1775:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,592,546 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R1801:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,387,740 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.56
R1832:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,390,134 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R1856:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,373,941 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.87
R1870:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,457,972 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R1879:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,373,986 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.61
R2072:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,385,905 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R2075:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,385,905 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R2125:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,373,676 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.37
R2142:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,406,645 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R2155:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,375,879 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.43
R2282:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,373,934 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.95
R2407:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,373,247 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R3545:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,375,557 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.00
R3878:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,376,262 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.00
R3879:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,375,594 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R4396:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,387,732 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.36
R4398:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,376,061 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.30
R4491:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,385,723 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.75
R4492:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,385,723 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.75
R4492:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,419,567 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.48
R4656:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,385,797 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.00
R4715:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,419,602 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.72
R4803:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,374,681 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.04
R4893:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,385,429 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.00
R4959:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,375,734 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R4973:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,375,734 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R5030:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,592,494 (GRCm39) nonsense probably null
R5174:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,372,600 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.01
R5230:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,390,119 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R5256:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,373,028 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.87
R5268:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,592,263 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R5488:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,382,762 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.00
R5489:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,382,762 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.00
R5588:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,374,367 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.48
R5605:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,592,436 (GRCm39) nonsense probably null
R5704:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,385,761 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.02
R5858:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,442,675 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 0.97
R6048:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,592,656 (GRCm39) splice site probably null
R6222:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,374,652 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R6311:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,458,274 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R6734:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,592,551 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R6897:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,385,951 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R6900:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,374,123 (GRCm39) missense probably benign
R6955:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,401,550 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R6959:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,375,993 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.17
R6992:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,457,945 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R7014:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,373,061 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.14
R7014:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,372,647 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.13
R7110:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,368,099 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R7180:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,376,209 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 0.99
R7228:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,458,231 (GRCm39) nonsense probably null
R7228:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,373,059 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.01
R7317:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,592,329 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R7322:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,437,248 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R7349:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,399,291 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R7600:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,372,820 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R7663:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,373,289 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R7712:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,407,422 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R7716:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,373,460 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.63
R7740:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,374,102 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.00
R7748:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,385,872 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.60
R8017:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,373,122 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R8019:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,373,122 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R8108:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,373,592 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.01
R8109:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,373,592 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.01
R8110:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,373,592 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.01
R8111:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,373,592 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.01
R8145:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,407,458 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.37
R8220:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,592,249 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 0.99
R8278:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,375,995 (GRCm39) missense probably benign
R8768:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,437,252 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R8879:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,402,405 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R9019:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,375,612 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R9030:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,374,385 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.02
R9061:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,374,753 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.94
R9302:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,374,342 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.61
R9321:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,386,023 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.00
R9421:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,375,114 (GRCm39) missense
R9515:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,374,621 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R9592:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,458,106 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R9614:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,375,486 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R9630:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,374,443 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.37
R9776:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,457,909 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.03
X0057:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,411,113 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
X0063:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,368,805 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.77
X0066:Pdzd2 UTSW 15 12,372,942 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.00
Predicted Primers PCR Primer
(F):5'- TCTGGAGTCGTTCATCCTGC -3'
(R):5'- AGCCAGGCCAGATTGGAAAC -3'

Sequencing Primer
(F):5'- CAATACTTTTGGAAGAGGTTGCC -3'
(R):5'- CAGGCCAGATTGGAAACTTGTGTTC -3'
Posted On 2014-09-17