Incidental Mutation 'R5608:Adgrl1'
| ID |
439393 |
| Institutional Source |
Beutler Lab
|
| Gene Symbol |
Adgrl1
|
| Ensembl Gene |
ENSMUSG00000013033 |
| Gene Name |
adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L1 |
| Synonyms |
Lec2, 2900070I05Rik, lectomedin-2, Lphn1 |
| MMRRC Submission |
043272-MU
|
| Accession Numbers |
|
| Essential gene? |
Non essential
(E-score: 0.000)
|
| Stock # |
R5608 (G1)
|
| Quality Score |
225 |
|
Status
|
Validated
|
| Chromosome |
8 |
| Chromosomal Location |
84626734-84668583 bp(+) (GRCm39) |
| Type of Mutation |
missense |
| DNA Base Change (assembly) |
G to T
at 84663886 bp (GRCm39)
|
| Zygosity |
Heterozygous |
| Amino Acid Change |
Glycine to Tryptophan
at position 1118
(G1118W)
|
| Ref Sequence |
ENSEMBL: ENSMUSP00000118452
(fasta)
|
| Gene Model |
predicted gene model for transcript(s):
[ENSMUST00000045393]
[ENSMUST00000098595]
[ENSMUST00000124355]
[ENSMUST00000131717]
[ENSMUST00000132500]
[ENSMUST00000141158]
[ENSMUST00000152978]
|
| AlphaFold |
Q80TR1 |
| Predicted Effect |
probably damaging
Transcript: ENSMUST00000045393
AA Change: G1123W
PolyPhen 2
Score 0.996 (Sensitivity: 0.55; Specificity: 0.98)
|
| SMART Domains |
Protein: ENSMUSP00000048422
Gene: ENSMUSG00000013033
AA Change: G1123W
| Domain | Start | End | E-Value | Type |
|---|
|
signal peptide
|
1 |
28 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
Pfam:Gal_Lectin
|
48 |
128 |
6.6e-23 |
PFAM |
|
OLF
|
142 |
398 |
8.5e-138 |
SMART |
|
low complexity region
|
405 |
441 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
455 |
470 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
HormR
|
476 |
541 |
1.4e-23 |
SMART |
|
low complexity region
|
579 |
591 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
747 |
758 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
GPS
|
797 |
849 |
3.5e-27 |
SMART |
|
Pfam:7tm_2
|
856 |
1092 |
5.3e-66 |
PFAM |
|
Pfam:Latrophilin
|
1112 |
1470 |
1.7e-177 |
PFAM |
|
| Predicted Effect |
probably benign
Transcript: ENSMUST00000098595
|
| SMART Domains |
Protein: ENSMUSP00000096195
Gene: ENSMUSG00000074219
| Domain | Start | End | E-Value | Type |
|---|
|
low complexity region
|
60 |
72 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
| Predicted Effect |
probably benign
Transcript: ENSMUST00000124355
|
| SMART Domains |
Protein: ENSMUSP00000116064
Gene: ENSMUSG00000013033
| Domain | Start | End | E-Value | Type |
|---|
|
signal peptide
|
1 |
28 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
Pfam:Gal_Lectin
|
48 |
128 |
1.1e-24 |
PFAM |
|
| Predicted Effect |
probably benign
Transcript: ENSMUST00000131018
|
| SMART Domains |
Protein: ENSMUSP00000117720
Gene: ENSMUSG00000013033
| Domain | Start | End | E-Value | Type |
|---|
|
Pfam:Latrophilin
|
1 |
213 |
9.2e-76 |
PFAM |
|
| Predicted Effect |
probably damaging
Transcript: ENSMUST00000131717
AA Change: G947W
PolyPhen 2
Score 0.998 (Sensitivity: 0.27; Specificity: 0.99)
|
| SMART Domains |
Protein: ENSMUSP00000118579
Gene: ENSMUSG00000013033
AA Change: G947W
| Domain | Start | End | E-Value | Type |
|---|
|
OLF
|
1 |
222 |
4.51e-103 |
SMART |
|
low complexity region
|
229 |
265 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
279 |
294 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
HormR
|
300 |
365 |
2.26e-21 |
SMART |
|
low complexity region
|
403 |
415 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
571 |
582 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
GPS
|
621 |
673 |
5.64e-25 |
SMART |
|
Pfam:7tm_2
|
680 |
916 |
7.9e-68 |
PFAM |
|
Pfam:Latrophilin
|
936 |
1295 |
2.7e-181 |
PFAM |
|
| Predicted Effect |
probably damaging
Transcript: ENSMUST00000132500
AA Change: G1118W
PolyPhen 2
Score 0.993 (Sensitivity: 0.70; Specificity: 0.97)
|
| SMART Domains |
Protein: ENSMUSP00000119100
Gene: ENSMUSG00000013033
AA Change: G1118W
| Domain | Start | End | E-Value | Type |
|---|
|
signal peptide
|
1 |
21 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
Pfam:Gal_Lectin
|
48 |
128 |
1.6e-25 |
PFAM |
|
OLF
|
137 |
393 |
1.39e-135 |
SMART |
|
low complexity region
|
400 |
436 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
450 |
465 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
HormR
|
471 |
536 |
2.26e-21 |
SMART |
|
low complexity region
|
574 |
586 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
742 |
753 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
GPS
|
792 |
844 |
5.64e-25 |
SMART |
|
Pfam:7tm_2
|
851 |
1087 |
3.4e-68 |
PFAM |
|
Pfam:Latrophilin
|
1146 |
1511 |
6.4e-193 |
PFAM |
|
| Predicted Effect |
probably damaging
Transcript: ENSMUST00000141158
AA Change: G1118W
PolyPhen 2
Score 0.998 (Sensitivity: 0.27; Specificity: 0.99)
|
| SMART Domains |
Protein: ENSMUSP00000118452
Gene: ENSMUSG00000013033
AA Change: G1118W
| Domain | Start | End | E-Value | Type |
|---|
|
signal peptide
|
1 |
21 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
Pfam:Gal_Lectin
|
48 |
128 |
3.4e-25 |
PFAM |
|
OLF
|
137 |
393 |
1.39e-135 |
SMART |
|
low complexity region
|
400 |
436 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
450 |
465 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
HormR
|
471 |
536 |
2.26e-21 |
SMART |
|
low complexity region
|
574 |
586 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
742 |
753 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
GPS
|
792 |
844 |
5.64e-25 |
SMART |
|
Pfam:7tm_2
|
851 |
1087 |
4.5e-68 |
PFAM |
|
Pfam:Latrophilin
|
1107 |
1466 |
1.1e-180 |
PFAM |
|
| Predicted Effect |
noncoding transcript
Transcript: ENSMUST00000141661
|
| Predicted Effect |
noncoding transcript
Transcript: ENSMUST00000150674
|
| Predicted Effect |
probably damaging
Transcript: ENSMUST00000152978
AA Change: G1123W
PolyPhen 2
Score 0.957 (Sensitivity: 0.78; Specificity: 0.95)
|
| SMART Domains |
Protein: ENSMUSP00000115295
Gene: ENSMUSG00000013033
AA Change: G1123W
| Domain | Start | End | E-Value | Type |
|---|
|
signal peptide
|
1 |
21 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
Pfam:Gal_Lectin
|
48 |
128 |
2.1e-25 |
PFAM |
|
OLF
|
142 |
398 |
1.39e-135 |
SMART |
|
low complexity region
|
405 |
441 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
low complexity region
|
455 |
470 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
HormR
|
476 |
541 |
2.26e-21 |
SMART |
|
Pfam:GAIN
|
544 |
773 |
4.1e-59 |
PFAM |
|
GPS
|
797 |
849 |
5.64e-25 |
SMART |
|
Pfam:7tm_2
|
856 |
1092 |
2.3e-69 |
PFAM |
|
Pfam:Latrophilin
|
1112 |
1516 |
7.3e-136 |
PFAM |
|
| Meta Mutation Damage Score |
0.2468 |
| Coding Region Coverage |
- 1x: 99.9%
- 3x: 99.6%
- 10x: 98.2%
- 20x: 94.9%
|
| Validation Efficiency |
95% (54/57) |
| MGI Phenotype |
FUNCTION: [Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] This gene encodes a member of the latrophilin subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). Latrophilins may function in both cell adhesion and signal transduction. In experiments with non-human species, endogenous proteolytic cleavage within a cysteine-rich GPS (G-protein-coupled-receptor proteolysis site) domain resulted in two subunits (a large extracellular N-terminal cell adhesion subunit and a subunit with substantial similarity to the secretin/calcitonin family of GPCRs) being non-covalently bound at the cell membrane. Latrophilin-1 has been shown to recruit the neurotoxin from black widow spider venom, alpha-latrotoxin, to the synapse plasma membrane. Alternative splicing results in multiple variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]
PHENOTYPE: Mice homozygous for a targeted null allele at this locus are viable and fertile. Female homozygotes fail adequately to care for their litters. [provided by MGI curators]
|
| Allele List at MGI |
|
| Other mutations in this stock |
Total: 48 list
| Gene | Ref | Var | Chr/Loc | Mutation | Predicted Effect | Zygosity |
|---|
| Adamtsl5 |
T |
C |
10: 80,178,781 (GRCm39) |
D199G |
probably benign |
Het |
| Adgrv1 |
T |
C |
13: 81,303,395 (GRCm39) |
E117G |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Alkbh7 |
A |
T |
17: 57,305,446 (GRCm39) |
I88F |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Ankrd26 |
C |
A |
6: 118,488,583 (GRCm39) |
D1359Y |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Apoo-ps |
T |
C |
13: 107,550,709 (GRCm39) |
|
noncoding transcript |
Het |
| Arfgap2 |
G |
A |
2: 91,100,547 (GRCm39) |
R298H |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Birc6 |
G |
A |
17: 74,920,539 (GRCm39) |
V2109I |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Blvrb |
C |
T |
7: 27,158,894 (GRCm39) |
P98L |
probably benign |
Het |
| Bmpr1b |
C |
A |
3: 141,563,283 (GRCm39) |
M220I |
possibly damaging |
Het |
| Bpifa1 |
T |
C |
2: 153,989,495 (GRCm39) |
|
probably benign |
Het |
| Capn7 |
A |
G |
14: 31,092,664 (GRCm39) |
Y737C |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Cdh13 |
A |
T |
8: 119,484,213 (GRCm39) |
D158V |
probably benign |
Het |
| Cenpe |
C |
A |
3: 134,940,837 (GRCm39) |
S662* |
probably null |
Het |
| Colec12 |
T |
A |
18: 9,848,267 (GRCm39) |
D148E |
possibly damaging |
Het |
| Dennd5a |
C |
A |
7: 109,518,630 (GRCm39) |
E480* |
probably null |
Het |
| Dpysl4 |
T |
C |
7: 138,678,459 (GRCm39) |
V473A |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Dyrk3 |
T |
C |
1: 131,056,452 (GRCm39) |
S574G |
probably benign |
Het |
| Fchsd1 |
C |
T |
18: 38,092,926 (GRCm39) |
|
probably benign |
Het |
| H2-Aa |
T |
C |
17: 34,502,816 (GRCm39) |
T117A |
possibly damaging |
Het |
| Helq |
C |
T |
5: 100,938,085 (GRCm39) |
G454S |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Incenp |
CGCTGCTGCTGC |
CGCTGCTGCTGCTGC |
19: 9,871,232 (GRCm39) |
|
probably benign |
Het |
| Ktn1 |
TTGTTGTCTTTGTGTT |
TTGTT |
14: 47,971,554 (GRCm39) |
|
probably benign |
Het |
| Lig1 |
C |
A |
7: 13,039,933 (GRCm39) |
T715N |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Lrrc31 |
C |
A |
3: 30,743,994 (GRCm39) |
|
probably null |
Het |
| Ltbp2 |
A |
C |
12: 84,834,238 (GRCm39) |
|
probably null |
Het |
| Marcks |
A |
T |
10: 37,012,912 (GRCm39) |
V41E |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Mex3c |
T |
A |
18: 73,723,014 (GRCm39) |
M369K |
possibly damaging |
Het |
| Msh6 |
A |
G |
17: 88,294,329 (GRCm39) |
D1028G |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Nhlrc3 |
C |
T |
3: 53,369,732 (GRCm39) |
|
probably null |
Het |
| Or1n1b |
A |
G |
2: 36,780,527 (GRCm39) |
F111S |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Or52s1b |
T |
C |
7: 102,822,056 (GRCm39) |
T263A |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Or52z12 |
G |
A |
7: 103,233,506 (GRCm39) |
W92* |
probably null |
Het |
| Or8b8 |
G |
A |
9: 37,809,078 (GRCm39) |
C126Y |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Pcdhga6 |
A |
G |
18: 37,840,514 (GRCm39) |
N78S |
possibly damaging |
Het |
| Plag1 |
T |
A |
4: 3,905,463 (GRCm39) |
K76* |
probably null |
Het |
| Ptpn21 |
T |
A |
12: 98,655,036 (GRCm39) |
T644S |
probably benign |
Het |
| Qrfpr |
A |
G |
3: 36,235,114 (GRCm39) |
V292A |
possibly damaging |
Het |
| Rbbp6 |
T |
A |
7: 122,596,309 (GRCm39) |
V617E |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Rnf157 |
A |
T |
11: 116,287,146 (GRCm39) |
|
probably null |
Het |
| Serpina5 |
A |
C |
12: 104,070,003 (GRCm39) |
Y300S |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Slc41a3 |
A |
G |
6: 90,617,889 (GRCm39) |
K279R |
probably benign |
Het |
| Smndc1 |
A |
G |
19: 53,372,084 (GRCm39) |
V110A |
probably benign |
Het |
| Spata31e2 |
T |
C |
1: 26,722,129 (GRCm39) |
Q1017R |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Tubgcp6 |
A |
G |
15: 88,995,353 (GRCm39) |
V419A |
probably benign |
Het |
| Uggt2 |
C |
T |
14: 119,326,611 (GRCm39) |
G200D |
possibly damaging |
Het |
| Utrn |
A |
T |
10: 12,547,581 (GRCm39) |
S1620T |
probably benign |
Het |
| Xkr4 |
T |
C |
1: 3,741,603 (GRCm39) |
|
probably benign |
Het |
| Zscan22 |
G |
A |
7: 12,640,919 (GRCm39) |
G388S |
probably damaging |
Het |
|
| Other mutations in Adgrl1 |
| Allele | Source | Chr | Coord | Type | Predicted Effect | PPH Score |
|---|
|
IGL00965:Adgrl1
|
APN |
8 |
84,664,332 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.98 |
|
IGL01413:Adgrl1
|
APN |
8 |
84,656,486 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
IGL02020:Adgrl1
|
APN |
8 |
84,659,577 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.09 |
|
IGL02422:Adgrl1
|
APN |
8 |
84,664,115 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
IGL03065:Adgrl1
|
APN |
8 |
84,665,143 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.95 |
|
IGL03169:Adgrl1
|
APN |
8 |
84,658,624 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.97 |
|
IGL03237:Adgrl1
|
APN |
8 |
84,656,312 (GRCm39) |
splice site |
probably null |
|
|
Swiss_rolls
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,645,551 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.99 |
|
R0375:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,661,530 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.99 |
|
R0505:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,661,279 (GRCm39) |
splice site |
probably benign |
|
|
R0681:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,661,279 (GRCm39) |
splice site |
probably benign |
|
|
R0964:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,661,041 (GRCm39) |
splice site |
probably benign |
|
|
R1182:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,656,451 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R1373:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,664,392 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.23 |
|
R1475:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,664,979 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.60 |
|
R1610:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,659,002 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.16 |
|
R1778:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,656,666 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R2089:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,661,093 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R2091:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,661,093 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R2091:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,661,093 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R2300:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,656,746 (GRCm39) |
nonsense |
probably null |
|
|
R2403:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,657,870 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.01 |
|
R2935:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,661,189 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R3772:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,649,633 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.59 |
|
R4191:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,665,569 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.29 |
|
R4393:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,665,222 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.01 |
|
R4406:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,656,671 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R4445:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,661,489 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R4782:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,662,202 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.08 |
|
R4799:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,662,202 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.08 |
|
R5214:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,642,202 (GRCm39) |
splice site |
probably null |
|
|
R5242:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,657,711 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.47 |
|
R5409:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,656,371 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R5522:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,649,704 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.93 |
|
R5607:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,663,886 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R5652:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,656,444 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R5655:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,665,230 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.89 |
|
R5919:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,659,239 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R6033:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,645,551 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.99 |
|
R6033:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,645,551 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.99 |
|
R6129:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,645,616 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R6221:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,664,316 (GRCm39) |
nonsense |
probably null |
|
|
R7142:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,663,829 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.38 |
|
R7181:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,652,878 (GRCm39) |
splice site |
probably null |
|
|
R7238:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,665,693 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.99 |
|
R7547:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,665,513 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.00 |
|
R7709:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,665,617 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.03 |
|
R7741:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,656,343 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R7852:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,662,187 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R7866:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,664,564 (GRCm39) |
critical splice donor site |
probably null |
|
|
R8146:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,657,618 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.64 |
|
R8314:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,665,018 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R8829:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,665,458 (GRCm39) |
missense |
|
|
|
R8857:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,657,657 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.24 |
|
R8979:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,665,015 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.12 |
|
R9204:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,660,519 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.03 |
|
R9226:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,656,426 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.91 |
|
R9302:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,656,426 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.91 |
|
R9695:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,665,060 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.99 |
|
R9785:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,665,168 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
RF007:Adgrl1
|
UTSW |
8 |
84,661,401 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.14 |
|
| Predicted Primers |
PCR Primer
(F):5'- CCTTAAAGATGTGTCAGGTTGGAG -3'
(R):5'- TCACGGTGTCATTCCACATC -3'
Sequencing Primer
(F):5'- ATGTGTCAGGTTGGAGGATGAAG -3'
(R):5'- CCCAAACATGAGGGGATCTCTAG -3'
|
| Posted On |
2016-10-26 |
Incidental Mutation