Incidental Mutation 'R0051:Rtel1'
| ID |
16152 |
| Institutional Source |
Beutler Lab
|
| Gene Symbol |
Rtel1
|
| Ensembl Gene |
ENSMUSG00000038685 |
| Gene Name |
regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 |
| Synonyms |
|
| MMRRC Submission |
038345-MU
|
| Accession Numbers |
|
| Essential gene? |
Essential
(E-score: 1.000)
|
| Stock # |
R0051 (G1)
|
| Quality Score |
|
|
Status
|
Validated
|
| Chromosome |
2 |
| Chromosomal Location |
180961532-180998409 bp(+) (GRCm39) |
| Type of Mutation |
nonsense |
| DNA Base Change (assembly) |
C to T
at 180992449 bp (GRCm39)
|
| Zygosity |
Heterozygous |
| Amino Acid Change |
Glutamine to Stop codon
at position 424
(Q424*)
|
| Ref Sequence |
ENSEMBL: ENSMUSP00000116159
(fasta)
|
| Gene Model |
predicted gene model for transcript(s):
[ENSMUST00000048608]
[ENSMUST00000054622]
[ENSMUST00000098971]
[ENSMUST00000108814]
[ENSMUST00000108815]
[ENSMUST00000148252]
|
| AlphaFold |
Q0VGM9 |
| Predicted Effect |
probably null
Transcript: ENSMUST00000048608
AA Change: Q608*
|
| SMART Domains |
Protein: ENSMUSP00000043563
Gene: ENSMUSG00000038685
AA Change: Q608*
| Domain | Start | End | E-Value | Type |
|---|
|
DEXDc
|
13 |
292 |
9.88e-3 |
SMART |
|
HELICc
|
563 |
717 |
1.07e-62 |
SMART |
|
| Predicted Effect |
probably null
Transcript: ENSMUST00000054622
AA Change: Q608*
|
| SMART Domains |
Protein: ENSMUSP00000053120
Gene: ENSMUSG00000038685
AA Change: Q608*
| Domain | Start | End | E-Value | Type |
|---|
|
DEXDc
|
13 |
292 |
9.88e-3 |
SMART |
|
HELICc
|
563 |
717 |
1.07e-62 |
SMART |
|
low complexity region
|
1075 |
1092 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
| Predicted Effect |
probably null
Transcript: ENSMUST00000098971
AA Change: Q608*
|
| SMART Domains |
Protein: ENSMUSP00000096571
Gene: ENSMUSG00000038685
AA Change: Q608*
| Domain | Start | End | E-Value | Type |
|---|
|
DEXDc
|
13 |
292 |
9.88e-3 |
SMART |
|
HELICc
|
563 |
717 |
1.07e-62 |
SMART |
|
low complexity region
|
1036 |
1053 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
| Predicted Effect |
probably null
Transcript: ENSMUST00000108814
AA Change: Q608*
|
| SMART Domains |
Protein: ENSMUSP00000104442
Gene: ENSMUSG00000038685
AA Change: Q608*
| Domain | Start | End | E-Value | Type |
|---|
|
DEXDc
|
13 |
292 |
9.88e-3 |
SMART |
|
HELICc
|
563 |
717 |
1.07e-62 |
SMART |
|
low complexity region
|
1069 |
1086 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
| Predicted Effect |
probably null
Transcript: ENSMUST00000108815
AA Change: Q608*
|
| SMART Domains |
Protein: ENSMUSP00000104443
Gene: ENSMUSG00000038685
AA Change: Q608*
| Domain | Start | End | E-Value | Type |
|---|
|
DEXDc
|
13 |
292 |
9.88e-3 |
SMART |
|
HELICc
|
563 |
717 |
1.07e-62 |
SMART |
|
low complexity region
|
1030 |
1047 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
| Predicted Effect |
noncoding transcript
Transcript: ENSMUST00000125233
|
| Predicted Effect |
noncoding transcript
Transcript: ENSMUST00000126842
|
| Predicted Effect |
probably null
Transcript: ENSMUST00000148252
AA Change: Q424*
|
| SMART Domains |
Protein: ENSMUSP00000116159
Gene: ENSMUSG00000038685
AA Change: Q424*
| Domain | Start | End | E-Value | Type |
|---|
|
Pfam:DEAD_2
|
1 |
88 |
1.3e-33 |
PFAM |
|
HELICc
|
379 |
533 |
1.07e-62 |
SMART |
|
low complexity region
|
858 |
875 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
| Predicted Effect |
noncoding transcript
Transcript: ENSMUST00000139601
|
| Predicted Effect |
noncoding transcript
Transcript: ENSMUST00000144648
|
| Predicted Effect |
noncoding transcript
Transcript: ENSMUST00000147266
|
| Predicted Effect |
noncoding transcript
Transcript: ENSMUST00000130935
|
| Predicted Effect |
noncoding transcript
Transcript: ENSMUST00000146273
|
| Predicted Effect |
noncoding transcript
Transcript: ENSMUST00000130772
|
| Predicted Effect |
noncoding transcript
Transcript: ENSMUST00000139608
|
| Predicted Effect |
probably benign
Transcript: ENSMUST00000184751
|
| Meta Mutation Damage Score |
0.9755 |
| Coding Region Coverage |
- 1x: 88.8%
- 3x: 85.7%
- 10x: 76.8%
- 20x: 60.8%
|
| Validation Efficiency |
84% (69/82) |
| MGI Phenotype |
FUNCTION: [Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] This gene encodes a DNA helicase which functions in the stability, protection and elongation of telomeres and interacts with proteins in the shelterin complex known to protect telomeres during DNA replication. Mutations in this gene have been associated with dyskeratosis congenita and Hoyerall-Hreidarsson syndrome. Read-through transcription of this gene into the neighboring downstream gene, which encodes tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 6b, generates a non-coding transcript. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013]
PHENOTYPE: Homozygous null mice display embryonic lethality with abnormal development of the neural tube, brain, heart, vasculature, placenta, and allantois and chromosomal abnormalities in differentiating cells. [provided by MGI curators]
|
| Allele List at MGI |
All alleles(33) : Targeted(5) Gene trapped(28)
|
| Other mutations in this stock |
Total: 45 list
| Gene | Ref | Var | Chr/Loc | Mutation | Predicted Effect | Zygosity |
|---|
| 6330444E15Rik |
A |
G |
7: 29,278,526 (GRCm39) |
|
noncoding transcript |
Het |
| Ankrd11 |
C |
A |
8: 123,616,481 (GRCm39) |
C2457F |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Anks3 |
G |
C |
16: 4,765,613 (GRCm39) |
T163S |
probably benign |
Het |
| Cacna1d |
G |
A |
14: 29,833,052 (GRCm39) |
P908S |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Ccdc146 |
C |
A |
5: 21,521,902 (GRCm39) |
R374L |
possibly damaging |
Het |
| Cdc45 |
G |
T |
16: 18,613,524 (GRCm39) |
A348E |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Cfap46 |
A |
G |
7: 139,255,951 (GRCm39) |
C300R |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Coq2 |
T |
C |
5: 100,811,551 (GRCm39) |
N146S |
probably benign |
Het |
| Dalrd3 |
T |
C |
9: 108,449,414 (GRCm39) |
V120A |
possibly damaging |
Het |
| Ddx39a |
A |
G |
8: 84,447,251 (GRCm39) |
K137R |
possibly damaging |
Het |
| Diaph3 |
A |
G |
14: 87,274,890 (GRCm39) |
|
probably null |
Het |
| Dmbt1 |
G |
T |
7: 130,721,225 (GRCm39) |
R1668L |
possibly damaging |
Het |
| Dpp7 |
A |
G |
2: 25,246,107 (GRCm39) |
Y49H |
possibly damaging |
Het |
| Drd5 |
A |
G |
5: 38,477,957 (GRCm39) |
S317G |
probably benign |
Het |
| Ecpas |
A |
G |
4: 58,832,729 (GRCm39) |
L877S |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Ecsit |
C |
T |
9: 21,987,584 (GRCm39) |
V152I |
probably benign |
Het |
| Eeig1 |
G |
A |
2: 32,448,065 (GRCm39) |
R58Q |
possibly damaging |
Het |
| Fcrl6 |
A |
T |
1: 172,426,320 (GRCm39) |
L159Q |
probably benign |
Het |
| Frrs1 |
T |
C |
3: 116,678,946 (GRCm39) |
|
probably benign |
Het |
| Galnt14 |
C |
A |
17: 73,814,854 (GRCm39) |
R403L |
probably benign |
Het |
| Hspd1 |
A |
G |
1: 55,121,205 (GRCm39) |
|
probably benign |
Het |
| Klf17 |
T |
C |
4: 117,617,589 (GRCm39) |
Y256C |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Mafg |
G |
T |
11: 120,520,430 (GRCm39) |
R57S |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Med13l |
T |
A |
5: 118,880,720 (GRCm39) |
W1271R |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Mrpl4 |
C |
A |
9: 20,918,964 (GRCm39) |
T203K |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Mtrf1l |
T |
C |
10: 5,763,382 (GRCm39) |
K316E |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Nbeal1 |
T |
A |
1: 60,349,422 (GRCm39) |
N2361K |
probably benign |
Het |
| Ncaph2 |
T |
C |
15: 89,253,867 (GRCm39) |
S320P |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Nek11 |
A |
G |
9: 105,095,738 (GRCm39) |
|
probably benign |
Het |
| Ptprn |
A |
G |
1: 75,228,898 (GRCm39) |
|
probably null |
Het |
| Rab37 |
T |
C |
11: 115,049,491 (GRCm39) |
L100P |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Rbm26 |
A |
C |
14: 105,389,976 (GRCm39) |
V216G |
possibly damaging |
Het |
| Rnf115 |
A |
G |
3: 96,692,338 (GRCm39) |
D178G |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Rwdd4a |
A |
G |
8: 47,990,400 (GRCm39) |
|
probably benign |
Het |
| Ryr3 |
T |
C |
2: 112,699,420 (GRCm39) |
D890G |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Serpina10 |
A |
G |
12: 103,593,156 (GRCm39) |
|
probably benign |
Het |
| Slc43a2 |
T |
C |
11: 75,453,676 (GRCm39) |
C225R |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Slc6a9 |
T |
C |
4: 117,722,056 (GRCm39) |
F440L |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Stk32b |
A |
G |
5: 37,616,940 (GRCm39) |
|
probably benign |
Het |
| Syna |
A |
G |
5: 134,588,397 (GRCm39) |
L184P |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Tbx10 |
T |
C |
19: 4,046,798 (GRCm39) |
|
probably null |
Het |
| Tmprss7 |
T |
C |
16: 45,494,302 (GRCm39) |
N401S |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Tut4 |
T |
G |
4: 108,384,201 (GRCm39) |
S1089R |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Ugt2a3 |
A |
G |
5: 87,484,865 (GRCm39) |
V53A |
probably damaging |
Het |
| Yeats2 |
T |
A |
16: 20,012,474 (GRCm39) |
Y557* |
probably null |
Het |
|
| Other mutations in Rtel1 |
| Allele | Source | Chr | Coord | Type | Predicted Effect | PPH Score |
|---|
|
IGL01420:Rtel1
|
APN |
2 |
180,996,194 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.16 |
|
IGL01957:Rtel1
|
APN |
2 |
180,991,106 (GRCm39) |
unclassified |
probably benign |
|
|
IGL02247:Rtel1
|
APN |
2 |
180,993,134 (GRCm39) |
nonsense |
probably null |
|
|
IGL02414:Rtel1
|
APN |
2 |
180,977,765 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.01 |
|
IGL02448:Rtel1
|
APN |
2 |
180,977,830 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.00 |
|
IGL03053:Rtel1
|
APN |
2 |
180,993,737 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.02 |
|
IGL03059:Rtel1
|
APN |
2 |
180,991,976 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.01 |
|
IGL03326:Rtel1
|
APN |
2 |
180,997,354 (GRCm39) |
unclassified |
probably benign |
|
|
PIT4283001:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,988,683 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.00 |
|
R0047:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,965,198 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R0047:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,965,198 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R0051:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,992,449 (GRCm39) |
nonsense |
probably null |
|
|
R0147:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,962,839 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R0148:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,962,839 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R0316:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,997,795 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.87 |
|
R0628:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,993,674 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.03 |
|
R0940:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,964,596 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.36 |
|
R1165:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,976,732 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.26 |
|
R1213:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,993,128 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.01 |
|
R1291:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,992,836 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R1353:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,991,024 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
|
|
R1398:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,977,658 (GRCm39) |
splice site |
probably null |
|
|
R1796:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,993,896 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.01 |
|
R1973:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,993,419 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.04 |
|
R2033:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,993,656 (GRCm39) |
nonsense |
probably null |
|
|
R2144:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,965,499 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.97 |
|
R2265:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,996,161 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R2269:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,977,796 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.00 |
|
R2416:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,982,324 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.66 |
|
R2865:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,991,765 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.36 |
|
R3508:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,964,202 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.32 |
|
R4242:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,991,727 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R4377:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,997,589 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R4702:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,993,962 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.30 |
|
R4706:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,965,539 (GRCm39) |
critical splice donor site |
probably null |
|
|
R4817:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,997,728 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.82 |
|
R5020:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,964,307 (GRCm39) |
splice site |
probably null |
|
|
R5069:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,997,285 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.03 |
|
R5222:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,988,776 (GRCm39) |
intron |
probably benign |
|
|
R5268:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,982,354 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.03 |
|
R5291:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,993,888 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.47 |
|
R5588:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,993,893 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
|
|
R5682:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,991,765 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.19 |
|
R5796:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,982,299 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.26 |
|
R5931:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,972,608 (GRCm39) |
nonsense |
probably null |
|
|
R6249:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,993,475 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R6465:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,977,733 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.68 |
|
R6616:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,994,579 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.68 |
|
R6800:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,964,256 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.31 |
|
R6835:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,997,746 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.04 |
|
R6917:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,980,070 (GRCm39) |
makesense |
probably null |
|
|
R7264:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,993,654 (GRCm39) |
missense |
not run |
|
|
R7381:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,972,608 (GRCm39) |
nonsense |
probably null |
|
|
R7523:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,964,108 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R7587:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,964,108 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R7681:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,964,187 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.99 |
|
R7871:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,962,822 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R7912:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,997,869 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.56 |
|
R8007:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,976,767 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R8062:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,982,360 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably benign |
0.17 |
|
R8088:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,964,138 (GRCm39) |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
|
R8435:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,995,897 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.93 |
|
R8873:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,997,816 (GRCm39) |
frame shift |
probably null |
|
|
R9441:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,988,860 (GRCm39) |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.89 |
|
R9704:Rtel1
|
UTSW |
2 |
180,993,905 (GRCm39) |
nonsense |
probably null |
|
|
| Protein Function and Prediction |
The DNA helicase RTEL-1 is required to prevent excess crossovers during meiosis (1), genome stability (2), tumor avoidance (3), telomere maintenance (2;4;5), and DNA repair (6). Barber et al. determined that RTEL-1 negatively regulates recombination by disassembling D loop recombination intermediates during DNA repair (3). Vannier et al. have shown that RTEL-1 removes telomeric DNA secondary structures to function in the prevention of telomere fragility and loss (5). Without the expression of RTEL-1, T loops are inappropriately resolved, resulting in loss of the telomere as a circle (5). RTEL-1 also counteracts telomeric G-quadruplex DNA structures to ensure the stability of the telomere (4;5). Deletion of Rtel1 results in an increased number of sister chromatid exchange events, revealing that Rtel-1 functions in homologous recombination (2).
|
| Expression/Localization |
Northern blot analysis detected Rtel in spleen, thymus, Peyer patch, kidney, and intestine, but not in brain, heart, lung, skeletal muscle, skin, and white fat tissue (7). Rtel is highly expressed in the testis, mainly in spermatogonia and meiotic spermatocytes (7). Rtel1 localizes transiently at telomeres (2).
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| Background |
Rtel1tm1.1Hdin/tm1.1Hdin; MGI:3772371
involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * FVB/N * SJL
Homozygous null mice display embryonic lethality (by E11.5) with abnormal development of the neural tube, brain, heart, vasculature, placenta, and allantois and chromosomal abnormalities in differentiating cells (8).
Rtel1tm1Pml/tm1Pml; MGI:3052235
involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ
Homozygous null mice also display embryonic lethality (by E11.5) with abnormal development of the neural tube, floor plate, brain, neural crest, placenta, muscle, and heart as well as abnormal cell differentiation with shorter telomere length and chromosomal abnormalities in differentiating cells (7). Homozygote embryos are decreased in size by E8.5 (7).
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| References |
1. Youds, J. L., Mets, D. G., McIlwraith, M. J., Martin, J. S., Ward, J. D., ONeil, N. J., Rose, A. M., West, S. C., Meyer, B. J., and Boulton, S. J. (2010) RTEL-1 Enforces Meiotic Crossover Interference and Homeostasis. Science. 327, 1254-1258.
2. Uringa, E. J., Lisaingo, K., Pickett, H. A., Brind'Amour, J., Rohde, J. H., Zelensky, A., Essers, J., and Lansdorp, P. M. (2012) RTEL1 Contributes to DNA Replication and Repair and Telomere Maintenance. Mol Biol Cell. 23, 2782-2792.
3. Barber, L. J., Youds, J. L., Ward, J. D., McIlwraith, M. J., O'Neil, N. J., Petalcorin, M. I., Martin, J. S., Collis, S. J., Cantor, S. B., Auclair, M., Tissenbaum, H., West, S. C., Rose, A. M., and Boulton, S. J. (2008) RTEL1 Maintains Genomic Stability by Suppressing Homologous Recombination. Cell. 135, 261-271.
4. Sfeir, A., Kosiyatrakul, S. T., Hockemeyer, D., MacRae, S. L., Karlseder, J., Schildkraut, C. L., and de Lange, T. (2009) Mammalian Telomeres Resemble Fragile Sites and Require TRF1 for Efficient Replication. Cell. 138, 90-103.
5. Vannier, J. B., Pavicic-Kaltenbrunner, V., Petalcorin, M. I., Ding, H., and Boulton, S. J. (2012) RTEL1 Dismantles T Loops and Counteracts Telomeric G4-DNA to Maintain Telomere Integrity. Cell. 149, 795-806.
6. Uringa, E. J., Youds, J. L., Lisaingo, K., Lansdorp, P. M., and Boulton, S. J. (2011) RTEL1: An Essential Helicase for Telomere Maintenance and the Regulation of Homologous Recombination. Nucleic Acids Res. 39, 1647-1655.
7. Ding, H., Schertzer, M., Wu, X., Gertsenstein, M., Selig, S., Kammori, M., Pourvali, R., Poon, S., Vulto, I., Chavez, E., Tam, P. P., Nagy, A., and Lansdorp, P. M. (2004) Regulation of Murine Telomere Length by Rtel: An Essential Gene Encoding a Helicase-Like Protein. Cell. 117, 873-886. |
| Posted On |
2013-01-08 |
| Science Writer |
Anne Murray |
Incidental Mutation