Phenotypic Mutation 'capitol_reef' (pdf version)
Allele | capitol_reef |
Mutation Type |
critical splice acceptor site
|
Chromosome | 11 |
Coordinate | 34,244,170 bp (GRCm39) |
Base Change | T ⇒ G (forward strand) |
Gene |
Dock2
|
Gene Name | dedicator of cyto-kinesis 2 |
Synonym(s) | CED-5, Hch, MBC |
Chromosomal Location |
34,176,815-34,674,719 bp (-) (GRCm39)
|
MGI Phenotype |
FUNCTION: [Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the CDM protein family. It is specifically expressed in hematopoietic cells and is predominantly expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes. The protein is involved in remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton required for lymphocyte migration in response to chemokine signaling. It activates members of the Rho family of GTPases, for example RAC1 and RAC2, by acting as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) to exchange bound GDP for free GTP. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2016] PHENOTYPE: Homozygous mutants are defective in the migration of T and B lympohcytes in response to chemokines, and thus display immune defects such as lymphocytopenia, atrophy of lymphoid follicles and loss of marginal-zone B cells. [provided by MGI curators]
|
Accession Number | NCBI RefSeq: NM_033374; MGI:2149010
|
Mapped | Yes |
Amino Acid Change |
|
Institutional Source | Beutler Lab |
Gene Model |
predicted gene model for protein(s):
[ENSMUSP00000090884 †]
[ENSMUSP00000098916 †]
† probably from a misspliced transcript
|
AlphaFold |
Q8C3J5 |
SMART Domains |
Protein: ENSMUSP00000090884 Gene: ENSMUSG00000020143
Domain | Start | End | E-Value | Type |
SH3
|
11 |
68 |
1.22e-11 |
SMART |
Pfam:DOCK_N
|
71 |
414 |
2e-113 |
PFAM |
Pfam:DOCK-C2
|
419 |
616 |
1e-60 |
PFAM |
Pfam:DHR-2
|
1114 |
1614 |
6.3e-96 |
PFAM |
low complexity region
|
1691 |
1706 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
low complexity region
|
1793 |
1800 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
Predicted Effect |
probably null
|
SMART Domains |
Protein: ENSMUSP00000098916 Gene: ENSMUSG00000020143
Domain | Start | End | E-Value | Type |
SH3
|
11 |
68 |
1.22e-11 |
SMART |
Pfam:DOCK_N
|
71 |
414 |
1.4e-113 |
PFAM |
Pfam:DOCK-C2
|
419 |
616 |
5.5e-61 |
PFAM |
low complexity region
|
1163 |
1171 |
N/A |
INTRINSIC |
|
Predicted Effect |
probably null
|
Meta Mutation Damage Score |
0.9589 |
Is this an essential gene? |
Non Essential (E-score: 0.000) |
Phenotypic Category |
Autosomal Recessive |
Candidate Explorer Status |
loading ... |
Single pedigree Linkage Analysis Data
|
|
Penetrance | |
Alleles Listed at MGI | All Mutations and Alleles(26) : Chemically induced (ENU)(8) Chemically induced (other)(1) Gene trapped(11) Spontaneous(1) Targeted(5)
|
Lab Alleles |
Allele | Source | Chr | Coord | Type | Predicted Effect | PPH Score |
IGL00334:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34595488 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
IGL00469:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34179603 |
splice site |
probably benign |
|
IGL01061:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34596653 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
IGL01319:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34589617 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.61 |
IGL01451:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34260390 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
IGL01490:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34596608 |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.97 |
IGL01601:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34189528 |
critical splice donor site |
probably null |
|
IGL01800:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34647100 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
IGL01804:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34212433 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.01 |
IGL01823:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34212391 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
IGL01829:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34596668 |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.98 |
IGL01830:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34582744 |
nonsense |
probably null |
|
IGL01835:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34260435 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.51 |
IGL01845:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34599692 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.02 |
IGL01953:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34623183 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.28 |
IGL01989:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34218053 |
missense |
probably benign |
|
IGL02081:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34204355 |
missense |
probably benign |
|
IGL02105:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34605352 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
IGL02153:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34180670 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.01 |
IGL02170:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34217949 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
IGL02344:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34622337 |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.98 |
IGL02389:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34589567 |
splice site |
probably benign |
|
IGL02409:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34451204 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.00 |
IGL02472:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34199801 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.00 |
IGL02625:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34451168 |
critical splice donor site |
probably null |
|
IGL02929:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34218048 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
IGL02951:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34260448 |
unclassified |
probably benign |
|
IGL02999:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34583086 |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.99 |
IGL03165:Dock2
|
APN |
11 |
34578360 |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.99 |
Arches
|
UTSW |
11 |
34580587 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
Croesus
|
UTSW |
11 |
34611854 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
denali
|
UTSW |
11 |
34179472 |
critical splice donor site |
probably null |
|
dew
|
UTSW |
11 |
34198636 |
nonsense |
probably null |
|
Dinghy
|
UTSW |
11 |
34212460 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.70 |
Dry
|
UTSW |
11 |
34181652 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.79 |
frazz
|
UTSW |
11 |
34198572 |
critical splice donor site |
probably benign |
|
frizz
|
UTSW |
11 |
34208184 |
splice site |
probably benign |
|
gildenstern
|
UTSW |
11 |
34623166 |
critical splice donor site |
probably null |
|
godsgrace
|
UTSW |
11 |
34586280 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
Harborside
|
UTSW |
11 |
34212445 |
missense |
probably benign |
|
Landing
|
UTSW |
11 |
34605328 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.83 |
latest
|
UTSW |
11 |
34647049 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
Launch
|
UTSW |
11 |
34206562 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
liaoning
|
UTSW |
11 |
34599620 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
lucre
|
UTSW |
11 |
34595436 |
frame shift |
probably null |
|
midas
|
UTSW |
11 |
34244323 |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.99 |
muelle
|
UTSW |
11 |
34578365 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
narrowest
|
UTSW |
11 |
34232652 |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.98 |
pier
|
UTSW |
11 |
34580593 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
Plank
|
UTSW |
11 |
34674622 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.51 |
resplendent
|
UTSW |
11 |
34618287 |
nonsense |
probably null |
|
riches
|
UTSW |
11 |
34579279 |
critical splice donor site |
probably null |
|
skiff
|
UTSW |
11 |
34212388 |
missense |
probably null |
0.80 |
Slip
|
UTSW |
11 |
34244286 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.25 |
toothskin
|
UTSW |
11 |
34414922 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
Touch
|
UTSW |
11 |
34223750 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.95 |
wassup
|
UTSW |
11 |
34453413 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
Wharf
|
UTSW |
11 |
34623198 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.81 |
BB009:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34217998 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.00 |
BB019:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34217998 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.00 |
IGL03052:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34182853 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.01 |
PIT4377001:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34611835 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.02 |
R0006:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34262453 |
unclassified |
probably benign |
|
R0012:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34674622 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.51 |
R0063:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34647111 |
critical splice acceptor site |
probably null |
|
R0063:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34647111 |
critical splice acceptor site |
probably null |
|
R0116:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34579392 |
intron |
probably benign |
|
R0149:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34388327 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R0361:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34388327 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R0462:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34218052 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.74 |
R0471:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34579380 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.30 |
R0538:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34595545 |
splice site |
probably benign |
|
R0543:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34244325 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R0660:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34198621 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R0676:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34586063 |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.99 |
R0722:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34414970 |
splice site |
probably benign |
|
R0801:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34599620 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R1110:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34206535 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.78 |
R1171:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34586068 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R1387:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34223309 |
splice site |
probably benign |
|
R1445:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34189705 |
missense |
probably benign |
|
R1494:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34232761 |
nonsense |
probably null |
|
R1589:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34597288 |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.99 |
R1597:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34595474 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.00 |
R1629:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34212480 |
splice site |
probably null |
|
R1749:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34182767 |
critical splice donor site |
probably null |
|
R1888:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34598169 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R1888:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34598169 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R1899:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34244286 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.25 |
R1924:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34414934 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.69 |
R2031:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34618297 |
splice site |
probably benign |
|
R2045:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34244106 |
splice site |
probably null |
|
R2098:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34609832 |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.99 |
R2098:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34216279 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.16 |
R2129:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34618242 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R2147:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34179472 |
critical splice donor site |
probably null |
|
R2149:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34179472 |
critical splice donor site |
probably null |
|
R2150:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34179472 |
critical splice donor site |
probably null |
|
R2176:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34586044 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.00 |
R2230:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34244323 |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.99 |
R2508:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34262485 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.04 |
R2875:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34609712 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R2885:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34580593 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R2910:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34182910 |
splice site |
probably benign |
|
R3081:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34181610 |
missense |
probably benign |
|
R3418:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34580587 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R3552:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34611787 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.22 |
R3731:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34599722 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R3846:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34623198 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.81 |
R4135:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34605328 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.83 |
R4598:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34189536 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R4599:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34189536 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R4715:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34244118 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R4722:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34586298 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R4742:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34244170 |
critical splice acceptor site |
probably null |
|
R4830:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34223767 |
splice site |
probably null |
|
R4884:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34216248 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R4990:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34586078 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R5334:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34178643 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.00 |
R5570:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34618233 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R5602:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34204391 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.16 |
R5681:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34199836 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.06 |
R5809:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34212445 |
missense |
probably benign |
|
R5860:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34206562 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R6111:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34599614 |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.99 |
R6155:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34244123 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.06 |
R6156:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34197789 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.51 |
R6173:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34212388 |
missense |
probably null |
0.80 |
R6182:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34179476 |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.97 |
R6188:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34453396 |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.98 |
R6191:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34181652 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.79 |
R6283:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34598152 |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.99 |
R6395:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34182874 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R6465:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34453413 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R6500:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34312822 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.76 |
R6561:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34578365 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R6745:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34596670 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R6745:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34596669 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R6880:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34579279 |
critical splice donor site |
probably null |
|
R6913:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34647049 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R6997:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34414922 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R7057:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34586044 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.00 |
R7057:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34177684 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.10 |
R7134:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34260363 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.03 |
R7188:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34189675 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.87 |
R7239:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34181677 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.00 |
R7247:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34605340 |
nonsense |
probably null |
|
R7250:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34586120 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R7250:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34586032 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.01 |
R7271:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34223750 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.95 |
R7284:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34180672 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.01 |
R7397:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34609816 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.00 |
R7464:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34586105 |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.99 |
R7512:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34262542 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.95 |
R7556:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34611778 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.43 |
R7663:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34611854 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R7779:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34605282 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.38 |
R7797:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34232652 |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.98 |
R7855:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34223698 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R7922:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34598154 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.29 |
R7932:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34217998 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.00 |
R8013:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34596677 |
missense |
probably damaging |
0.96 |
R8192:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34623166 |
critical splice donor site |
probably null |
|
R8244:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34586280 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
R8307:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34260362 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.95 |
R8418:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34609795 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.01 |
R8460:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34180825 |
critical splice acceptor site |
probably null |
|
R8495:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34181622 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.14 |
R8556:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34212457 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.84 |
R8690:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34618287 |
nonsense |
probably null |
|
R8743:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34223252 |
nonsense |
probably null |
|
R8757:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34586067 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.13 |
R8759:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34586067 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.13 |
R8793:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34451215 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.00 |
R8882:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34595436 |
frame shift |
probably null |
|
R8885:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34260396 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.01 |
R8943:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34599646 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.63 |
R9171:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34589670 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.12 |
R9182:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34260398 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.51 |
R9203:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34622366 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.92 |
R9310:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34244139 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.71 |
R9388:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34212460 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.70 |
R9490:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34589582 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.90 |
R9568:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34599638 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.83 |
R9593:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34178607 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.34 |
R9694:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34218054 |
missense |
probably benign |
|
R9697:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34204417 |
missense |
probably benign |
|
R9753:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34223673 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.68 |
R9783:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34208128 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.83 |
X0017:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34216271 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.08 |
X0018:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34182833 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.65 |
X0058:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34206564 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
X0066:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34260357 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.95 |
Z1088:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34583209 |
missense |
probably damaging |
1.00 |
Z1088:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34388300 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.14 |
Z1088:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34586039 |
nonsense |
probably null |
|
Z1176:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34609751 |
missense |
probably benign |
0.04 |
Z1177:Dock2
|
UTSW |
11 |
34262553 |
missense |
possibly damaging |
0.68 |
|
Mode of Inheritance |
Autosomal Recessive |
Local Stock | |
Repository | |
Last Updated |
2019-09-04 9:42 PM
by Diantha La Vine
|
Record Created |
2016-08-26 10:47 AM
|
Record Posted |
2016-11-01 |
Phenotypic Description |
The capitol_reef phenotype was identified among G3 mice of the pedigree R4742, some of which showed increased secretion of total IgE (Figure 1) and ovalbumin-specific IgE after immunization with ovalbumin administered with aluminum hydroxide (Figure 2).
|
Nature of Mutation |
Whole exome HiSeq sequencing of the G1 grandsire identified 49 mutations. Both of the above phenotypes were linked by continuous variable mapping to a mutation in Dock2: a A to C transversion at base pair 34,294,170 (v38) on chromosome 11, or base pair 489,723 in the GenBank genomic region NC_000077 within the acceptor splice site of intron 31. The strongest association was found with a recessive model of linkage to the normalized amount of OVA-specific IgE, wherein two variant homozygotes departed phenotypically from 13 homozygous reference mice and 14 heterozygous mice with a P value of 3.568 x 10-11 (Figure 3). The effect of the mutation at the cDNA and protein level have not examined, but the mutation is predicted to result in an in-frame skipping of the 59-nucleotide exon 32 (out of 52 total exons).
<--exon 31 <--intron 31 exon 32--> exon 33--> <--exon 52
489621 ……AAAATCCTGAATAA……ttgctccttgcag GTACGGGGACATGAGA…… GCCAGAACAAA……ACCAACATGTGA 556214
1053 ……-K--I--L--N--K --Y--G--D--M--R-…… G--Q--N--K-……-T--N--M--*- 1828
correct deleted correct
|
Genomic numbering corresponds to NC_000077. The acceptor splice site of intron 31, which is destroyed by the capitol_reef mutation, is indicated in blue lettering and the mutated nucleotide is indicated in red.
|
Illustration of Mutations in
Gene & Protein |
|
---|
Protein Prediction |
DOCK2 belongs to the DOCK180 superfamily of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that have been shown to activate members of the Rho family of small GTPases [Figure 4; (1-4)]. Members of the DOCK A and B groups contain an N-terminal SH3 domain. Two domains are shared amongst all DOCK proteins, the catalytic DHR-2 (DOCK homology region 2) or CZH-2 (CDM-zizimin homology 2) domain (amino acids 1114-1620 in DOCK2) and the DHR-1 or CZH-1 domain (amino acids 420-662 in DOCK2) (2;4). Several DOCK proteins, including DOCK2, appear to be localized to the plasma membrane via interaction of the DHR-1 domain with phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-biphosphate [PtdIns(3,5)P2] and phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5) P3 (PIP3) signaling lipids (5;6). The DHR-2 domains of several DOCK family members interact with the nucleotide-free form of Rac and/or Cdc42 (2;4). DOCK2 has an N-terminal SH3 domain (amino acids 8-69). The capitol_reef mutation is within the splice acceptor site of intron 31 and is predicted to result in deletion of exon 32. Exon 32 encodes amino acids 1058-1076, which is an undefined region between the DHR-1 and DHR-2 domains. For more information on Dock2, see the record for frazz.
|
Putative Mechanism | Rho GTPases are known regulators of the actin cytoskeleton and affect multiple cellular activities including cell morphology, polarity, migration, proliferation and apoptosis, phagocytosis, cytokinesis, adhesion, vesicular transport, transcription and neurite extension and retraction. Regulation of Rho GTPase activity involves the GEFs that promote the exchange of GDP for GTP, the GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) that enhance the GTPase activity of Rho proteins, and the Rho guanine nucleotide-dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs) that sequester Rho GTPases in a GDP-bound state. DOCK2 functions in the polarization and migration of immune cell subsets. DOCK2 functions downstream of chemokine receptors to regulate Rac activation and migration of B and T lymphocytes, neutrophils, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and hematopoietic stem cells, but not monocytes or other myeloid cell types (6-10). The immune cells affected by DOCK2 deficiency display aberrant homing, activation, adhesion, polarization and migration. DOCK2-deficient lymphocytes fail to respond normally to the chemokines CCL21, CCL19, CXCL13, and CXCL12, resulting in impaired homing to secondary lymphoid organs and aberrant morphology of these tissues (8). Dock2 -/ -mice display a number of immunological phenotypes including lack of marginal zone B cells, reduced numbers of mature CD4+ T cells and the major subset of natural killer T (NKT) cells expressing the semi-invariant Vα14 T cell receptor (TCR), and aberrant TCR signaling (8;11;12). Similar to Dock2-/ - mice, the Arches mice exhibit reduced frequencies of peripheral CD4+ T cells, indicating loss of function in DOCK2Arches.
|
Primers |
PCR Primer
capitol_reef_pcr_F: TTTGGGTCATCACACAGGCAC
capitol_reef_pcr_R: TCAGACCCTCTCCATGACTG
Sequencing Primer
capitol_reef_seq_F: CAGGCACAGACTGACATATGCTG
capitol_reef_seq_R: GCTGTGGAACAACTATTTTCATCTGG
|
Genotyping | PCR program 1) 94°C 2:00 2) 94°C 0:30 3) 55°C 0:30 4) 72°C 1:00 5) repeat steps (2-4) 40x 6) 72°C 10:00 7) 4°C hold
The following sequence of 412 nucleotides is amplified (chromosome 11, - strand):
1 tcagaccctc tccatgactg ctctcttctt tttttttttt tccagctgtg gaacaactat 61 tttcatctgg cagttgcctt tatcactcag gactctctgc agctggagca gttcacacac 121 gctaagtaca acaaaatcct gaataagtag gttgcattct tgaattgtct gagagcaggg 181 agctttgtga aacactctgg aatagggtta aaagctgcca tttttgctcc ttgcaggtac 241 ggggacatga gacggctcat aggattctcc atccgtgata tgtggtacaa gcttggtgag 301 tagagtccca tgcccagaaa gatgcatctt catgtgtcca agccctccta agaccagccc 361 tcacgctgtc tttcccagca tatgtcagtc tgtgcctgtg tgatgaccca aa
Primer binding sites are underlined and the sequencing primers are highlighted; the mutated nucleotide is shown in red. |
References | 1. Adzhubei, I. A., Schmidt, S., Peshkin, L., Ramensky, V. E., Gerasimova, A., Bork, P., Kondrashov, A. S., and Sunyaev, S. R. (2010) A Method and Server for Predicting Damaging Missense Mutations. Nat Methods. 7, 248-249.
4. Meller, N., Irani-Tehrani, M., Kiosses, W. B., Del Pozo, M. A., and Schwartz, M. A. (2002) Zizimin1, a Novel Cdc42 Activator, Reveals a New GEF Domain for Rho Proteins. Nat Cell Biol. 4, 639-647.
6. Cote, J. F., Motoyama, A. B., Bush, J. A., and Vuori, K. (2005) A Novel and Evolutionarily Conserved PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-Binding Domain is Necessary for DOCK180 Signalling. Nat Cell Biol. 7, 797-807.
7. Kunisaki, Y., Nishikimi, A., Tanaka, Y., Takii, R., Noda, M., Inayoshi, A., Watanabe, K., Sanematsu, F., Sasazuki, T., Sasaki, T., and Fukui, Y. (2006) DOCK2 is a Rac Activator that Regulates Motility and Polarity during Neutrophil Chemotaxis. J Cell Biol. 174, 647-652.
8. Nishikimi, A., Fukuhara, H., Su, W., Hongu, T., Takasuga, S., Mihara, H., Cao, Q., Sanematsu, F., Kanai, M., Hasegawa, H., Tanaka, Y., Shibasaki, M., Kanaho, Y., Sasaki, T., Frohman, M. A., and Fukui, Y. (2009) Sequential Regulation of DOCK2 Dynamics by Two Phospholipids during Neutrophil Chemotaxis. Science. 324, 384-387.
9. Fukui, Y., Hashimoto, O., Sanui, T., Oono, T., Koga, H., Abe, M., Inayoshi, A., Noda, M., Oike, M., Shirai, T., and Sasazuki, T. (2001) Haematopoietic Cell-Specific CDM Family Protein DOCK2 is Essential for Lymphocyte Migration. Nature. 412, 826-831.
10. Kikuchi, T., Kubonishi, S., Shibakura, M., Namba, N., Matsui, T., Fukui, Y., Tanimoto, M., and Katayama, Y. (2008) Dock2 Participates in Bone Marrow Lympho-Hematopoiesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 367, 90-96.
11. Gotoh, K., Tanaka, Y., Nishikimi, A., Inayoshi, A., Enjoji, M., Takayanagi, R., Sasazuki, T., and Fukui, Y. (2008) Differential Requirement for DOCK2 in Migration of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Versus Myeloid Dendritic Cells. Blood. 111, 2973-2976.
12. Kunisaki, Y., Tanaka, Y., Sanui, T., Inayoshi, A., Noda, M., Nakayama, T., Harada, M., Taniguchi, M., Sasazuki, T., and Fukui, Y. (2006) DOCK2 is Required in T Cell Precursors for Development of Valpha14 NK T Cells. J Immunol. 176, 4640-4645.
13. Sanui, T., Inayoshi, A., Noda, M., Iwata, E., Oike, M., Sasazuki, T., and Fukui, Y. (2003) DOCK2 is Essential for Antigen-Induced Translocation of TCR and Lipid Rafts, but Not PKC-Theta and LFA-1, in T Cells. Immunity. 19, 119-129.
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Science Writers | Anne Murray |
Illustrators | Katherine Timer |