Incidental Mutation 'R0624:Chd8'
ID 58837
Institutional Source Beutler Lab
Gene Symbol Chd8
Ensembl Gene ENSMUSG00000053754
Gene Name chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 8
Synonyms 5830451P18Rik, Duplin
MMRRC Submission 038813-MU
Accession Numbers
Essential gene? Essential (E-score: 1.000) question?
Stock # R0624 (G1)
Quality Score 225
Status Validated
Chromosome 14
Chromosomal Location 52435608-52495237 bp(-) (GRCm39)
Type of Mutation missense
DNA Base Change (assembly) C to T at 52457214 bp (GRCm39)
Zygosity Heterozygous
Amino Acid Change Glycine to Aspartic acid at position 918 (G918D)
Ref Sequence ENSEMBL: ENSMUSP00000142890 (fasta)
Gene Model predicted gene model for transcript(s): [ENSMUST00000089752] [ENSMUST00000149975] [ENSMUST00000200169]
AlphaFold Q09XV5
Predicted Effect possibly damaging
Transcript: ENSMUST00000089752
AA Change: G918D

PolyPhen 2 Score 0.653 (Sensitivity: 0.87; Specificity: 0.91)
SMART Domains Protein: ENSMUSP00000087184
Gene: ENSMUSG00000053754
AA Change: G918D

DomainStartEndE-ValueType
low complexity region 255 272 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 340 374 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 404 437 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 463 477 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 497 534 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 588 607 N/A INTRINSIC
CHROMO 642 708 1.8e-9 SMART
CHROMO 724 782 1.55e-4 SMART
DEXDc 809 1011 4.13e-37 SMART
HELICc 1165 1249 1.01e-22 SMART
low complexity region 1335 1345 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 1422 1441 N/A INTRINSIC
Blast:DEXDc 1460 1505 4e-16 BLAST
low complexity region 1579 1590 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 1703 1714 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 1770 1785 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 1887 1903 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 2063 2107 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 2222 2239 N/A INTRINSIC
BRK 2312 2356 1.34e-19 SMART
BRK 2381 2421 1.94e-2 SMART
low complexity region 2452 2472 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 2494 2510 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 2514 2529 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 2538 2550 N/A INTRINSIC
Predicted Effect noncoding transcript
Transcript: ENSMUST00000149694
Predicted Effect
SMART Domains Protein: ENSMUSP00000122995
Gene: ENSMUSG00000053754
AA Change: G653D

DomainStartEndE-ValueType
low complexity region 74 93 N/A INTRINSIC
Blast:DEXDc 112 235 9e-40 BLAST
low complexity region 239 250 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 363 374 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 430 445 N/A INTRINSIC
Blast:SANT 456 515 1e-29 BLAST
low complexity region 547 563 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 723 767 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 882 899 N/A INTRINSIC
BRK 972 1016 1.34e-19 SMART
Predicted Effect noncoding transcript
Transcript: ENSMUST00000155614
Predicted Effect possibly damaging
Transcript: ENSMUST00000200169
AA Change: G918D

PolyPhen 2 Score 0.653 (Sensitivity: 0.87; Specificity: 0.91)
SMART Domains Protein: ENSMUSP00000142890
Gene: ENSMUSG00000053754
AA Change: G918D

DomainStartEndE-ValueType
low complexity region 255 272 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 340 374 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 404 437 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 463 477 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 497 534 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 588 607 N/A INTRINSIC
CHROMO 642 708 1.8e-9 SMART
CHROMO 724 782 1.55e-4 SMART
DEXDc 809 1011 4.13e-37 SMART
HELICc 1165 1249 1.01e-22 SMART
low complexity region 1335 1345 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 1422 1441 N/A INTRINSIC
Blast:DEXDc 1460 1505 4e-16 BLAST
low complexity region 1579 1590 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 1703 1714 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 1770 1785 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 1887 1903 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 2063 2107 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 2222 2239 N/A INTRINSIC
BRK 2312 2356 1.34e-19 SMART
BRK 2381 2421 1.94e-2 SMART
low complexity region 2452 2472 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 2494 2510 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 2514 2529 N/A INTRINSIC
low complexity region 2538 2550 N/A INTRINSIC
Predicted Effect noncoding transcript
Transcript: ENSMUST00000226625
Meta Mutation Damage Score 0.4877 question?
Coding Region Coverage
  • 1x: 99.4%
  • 3x: 99.0%
  • 10x: 97.8%
  • 20x: 96.2%
Validation Efficiency 98% (88/90)
MGI Phenotype FUNCTION: This gene encodes a member of the chromodomain-helicase-DNA binding protein family, which is characterized by a SNF2-like domain and two chromatin organization modifier domains. The encoded protein also contains brahma and kismet domains, which is common to the subfamily of chromodomain-helicase-DNA binding proteins to which this protein belongs. In mammals, this gene has been shown to function in several processes including transcriptional regulation, epigenetic remodeling, promotion of cell proliferation, and regulation of RNA synthesis. Knockout of this gene causes early embryonic lethality due to widespread apoptosis. Heterozygous loss of function mutations result in autism spectrum disorder-like behaviors that include increased anxiety, repetitive behavior, and altered social behavior. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2016]
PHENOTYPE: Homozygous null embryos are growth retarded starting at E5.5 and exhibit developmental arrest at E6.5. Mutants develop into an egg cylinder but do not form a primitive streak or mesoderm and exhibit increased apoptosis at E7.5. [provided by MGI curators]
Allele List at MGI
Other mutations in this stock
Total: 88 list
GeneRefVarChr/LocMutationPredicted EffectZygosity
Abca9 T A 11: 110,030,446 (GRCm39) D767V probably damaging Het
Add1 T A 5: 34,763,197 (GRCm39) N128K probably damaging Het
Ado A T 10: 67,384,058 (GRCm39) D182E probably benign Het
Anapc4 T A 5: 53,002,761 (GRCm39) probably benign Het
Ano10 A G 9: 122,088,661 (GRCm39) probably benign Het
Apba2 A G 7: 64,364,263 (GRCm39) probably null Het
Apc2 A G 10: 80,150,417 (GRCm39) T1795A probably benign Het
Atp4a A G 7: 30,418,424 (GRCm39) N571D probably benign Het
Birc6 A G 17: 74,887,344 (GRCm39) N891D probably benign Het
Bltp2 G A 11: 78,159,283 (GRCm39) E494K probably damaging Het
Car3 G T 3: 14,931,864 (GRCm39) M78I probably benign Het
Cc2d2a A T 5: 43,887,371 (GRCm39) H1267L probably benign Het
Cdk18 A G 1: 132,046,610 (GRCm39) L192P probably damaging Het
Cdk9 A T 2: 32,599,836 (GRCm39) Y134N probably damaging Het
Ceacam5 A T 7: 17,448,888 (GRCm39) T85S probably benign Het
Cenpe A G 3: 134,952,347 (GRCm39) T1403A probably benign Het
Csnk1e T A 15: 79,304,098 (GRCm39) probably benign Het
Dctpp1 A T 7: 126,856,365 (GRCm39) I119N probably damaging Het
Defb34 T A 8: 19,173,784 (GRCm39) F6Y unknown Het
Dnai4 T C 4: 102,930,054 (GRCm39) probably benign Het
Dvl1 C G 4: 155,939,232 (GRCm39) N248K probably damaging Het
Dync1h1 T C 12: 110,618,181 (GRCm39) probably benign Het
Dync2i1 T C 12: 116,211,910 (GRCm39) D199G probably damaging Het
Eml5 T A 12: 98,831,738 (GRCm39) R407W probably damaging Het
Epb41l5 T C 1: 119,551,688 (GRCm39) D99G probably damaging Het
Fat1 A T 8: 45,504,205 (GRCm39) N4566I possibly damaging Het
Gm21834 T C 17: 58,049,015 (GRCm39) E67G possibly damaging Het
Gsap T A 5: 21,458,949 (GRCm39) probably null Het
Guf1 T C 5: 69,715,923 (GRCm39) I108T probably damaging Het
Hsd3b5 T C 3: 98,526,720 (GRCm39) D242G probably damaging Het
Kcna7 A G 7: 45,059,114 (GRCm39) D467G probably null Het
Lars1 A G 18: 42,375,849 (GRCm39) probably benign Het
Lrrc56 A T 7: 140,786,366 (GRCm39) D248V probably damaging Het
Map3k14 T A 11: 103,133,117 (GRCm39) E27V possibly damaging Het
Med12l G A 3: 58,945,123 (GRCm39) W116* probably null Het
Mgll A G 6: 88,702,799 (GRCm39) R33G probably damaging Het
Mmp13 A G 9: 7,280,221 (GRCm39) S384G possibly damaging Het
Nalcn C T 14: 123,607,444 (GRCm39) C675Y probably benign Het
Nrxn1 A G 17: 91,396,117 (GRCm39) L13P unknown Het
Ocstamp A G 2: 165,239,772 (GRCm39) V138A probably damaging Het
Or12e8 T G 2: 87,188,026 (GRCm39) Y79* probably null Het
Or2z8 T A 8: 72,812,006 (GRCm39) S161T possibly damaging Het
Or4a68 A G 2: 89,270,482 (GRCm39) V47A possibly damaging Het
Or4f7 T C 2: 111,645,056 (GRCm39) N5S probably damaging Het
Or5p51 A G 7: 107,444,323 (GRCm39) S206P possibly damaging Het
Or9i1b T G 19: 13,896,808 (GRCm39) C141W probably damaging Het
Patj T C 4: 98,569,472 (GRCm39) probably benign Het
Pcdhb22 A G 18: 37,651,780 (GRCm39) I83V probably benign Het
Pclo A G 5: 14,719,670 (GRCm39) E1269G unknown Het
Plagl2 T C 2: 153,077,973 (GRCm39) T3A probably benign Het
Plcb1 C T 2: 135,136,831 (GRCm39) P309S possibly damaging Het
Pld3 A T 7: 27,239,000 (GRCm39) L175Q possibly damaging Het
Prrx1 A G 1: 163,075,974 (GRCm39) probably benign Het
Psap T G 10: 60,135,345 (GRCm39) probably benign Het
Ptgfr G A 3: 151,540,839 (GRCm39) T223M probably damaging Het
Reep2 A T 18: 34,973,824 (GRCm39) I6F probably benign Het
Rraga A G 4: 86,494,454 (GRCm39) E100G probably benign Het
Rrm2b T C 15: 37,931,889 (GRCm39) D37G probably benign Het
Rtl1 T C 12: 109,559,153 (GRCm39) I895M probably damaging Het
Ryr1 G A 7: 28,774,034 (GRCm39) A2445V probably damaging Het
Sbf1 C T 15: 89,186,532 (GRCm39) D898N possibly damaging Het
Sh3d19 G A 3: 86,022,213 (GRCm39) V548I possibly damaging Het
Shf C A 2: 122,199,116 (GRCm39) probably benign Het
Sipa1l3 T C 7: 29,086,676 (GRCm39) E638G probably damaging Het
Slc13a3 G T 2: 165,253,807 (GRCm39) P449T probably damaging Het
Slc2a13 C T 15: 91,234,215 (GRCm39) V374I possibly damaging Het
Slc4a7 T C 14: 14,794,059 (GRCm38) probably null Het
Slc7a2 T A 8: 41,361,568 (GRCm39) S414T probably benign Het
Slc9c1 A G 16: 45,393,719 (GRCm39) E554G probably benign Het
Smad2 T C 18: 76,433,064 (GRCm39) I332T probably damaging Het
Snrnp40 C T 4: 130,256,451 (GRCm39) P59S probably damaging Het
Sorcs2 A T 5: 36,222,777 (GRCm39) I154N probably damaging Het
Sort1 G A 3: 108,255,946 (GRCm39) G631S probably damaging Het
Sox10 T C 15: 79,043,586 (GRCm39) D149G possibly damaging Het
Spn C T 7: 126,735,380 (GRCm39) V376M possibly damaging Het
Tacc2 A G 7: 130,179,239 (GRCm39) D9G probably damaging Het
Tapt1 T G 5: 44,334,448 (GRCm39) L514F possibly damaging Het
Tcf3 A G 10: 80,249,168 (GRCm39) L480P probably damaging Het
Tenm4 G C 7: 96,423,227 (GRCm39) G637A probably damaging Het
Tex14 T A 11: 87,411,525 (GRCm39) N950K probably benign Het
Tgfbrap1 T G 1: 43,098,289 (GRCm39) H497P probably benign Het
Tnfrsf18 A T 4: 156,110,986 (GRCm39) Y48F possibly damaging Het
Tnxb A C 17: 34,902,522 (GRCm39) H1002P probably damaging Het
Ttn A G 2: 76,593,571 (GRCm39) probably benign Het
Ugt2b34 C G 5: 87,041,591 (GRCm39) probably null Het
Vldlr A G 19: 27,215,663 (GRCm39) D220G possibly damaging Het
Vmn1r33 A T 6: 66,589,121 (GRCm39) Y144* probably null Het
Xrcc4 T C 13: 90,140,594 (GRCm39) E205G possibly damaging Het
Other mutations in Chd8
AlleleSourceChrCoordTypePredicted EffectPPH Score
IGL00572:Chd8 APN 14 52,463,595 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 0.99
IGL00694:Chd8 APN 14 52,455,427 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
IGL01011:Chd8 APN 14 52,468,989 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.86
IGL01022:Chd8 APN 14 52,474,450 (GRCm39) missense probably benign
IGL01066:Chd8 APN 14 52,455,223 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
IGL01083:Chd8 APN 14 52,458,877 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
IGL01313:Chd8 APN 14 52,448,032 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
IGL01396:Chd8 APN 14 52,442,044 (GRCm39) unclassified probably benign
IGL01476:Chd8 APN 14 52,442,947 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.32
IGL01731:Chd8 APN 14 52,450,111 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.12
IGL01895:Chd8 APN 14 52,436,551 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.00
IGL02090:Chd8 APN 14 52,464,691 (GRCm39) critical splice donor site probably null
IGL02344:Chd8 APN 14 52,439,107 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
IGL02573:Chd8 APN 14 52,457,191 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.95
IGL02601:Chd8 APN 14 52,451,757 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.94
IGL02617:Chd8 APN 14 52,472,648 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.34
IGL02873:Chd8 APN 14 52,459,970 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 0.99
IGL02974:Chd8 APN 14 52,439,158 (GRCm39) splice site probably null
IGL03058:Chd8 APN 14 52,455,730 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
IGL03076:Chd8 APN 14 52,463,619 (GRCm39) splice site probably benign
IGL03239:Chd8 APN 14 52,465,005 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.92
PIT4431001:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,455,706 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 0.98
PIT4468001:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,455,338 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.95
PIT4468001:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,445,453 (GRCm39) missense probably benign
R0006:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,472,750 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.51
R0006:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,472,750 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.51
R0022:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,470,312 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.00
R0115:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,474,663 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.00
R0131:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,442,783 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.15
R0131:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,442,783 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.15
R0132:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,442,783 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.15
R0419:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,441,517 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.24
R0440:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,442,283 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.91
R0452:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,452,044 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R0481:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,474,663 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.00
R0650:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,439,761 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.09
R0691:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,450,890 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 0.96
R0790:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,441,482 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.07
R0835:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,441,482 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.07
R1180:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,458,565 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R1411:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,462,103 (GRCm39) missense probably benign
R1725:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,470,030 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.08
R1838:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,442,340 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.11
R1839:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,442,340 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.11
R1968:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,458,450 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 0.98
R2020:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,452,698 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R2024:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,468,950 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.23
R2139:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,474,428 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.32
R2163:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,436,275 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.53
R2342:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,442,674 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.25
R2844:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,441,952 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.92
R3500:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,443,110 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.00
R3861:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,474,578 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.13
R4154:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,444,668 (GRCm39) unclassified probably benign
R4445:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,441,984 (GRCm39) splice site probably null
R4628:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,444,372 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.03
R4779:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,468,963 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R4783:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,442,825 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R4784:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,442,825 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R5001:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,441,372 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.09
R5280:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,442,582 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.68
R5331:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,439,571 (GRCm39) intron probably benign
R5348:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,470,155 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R5375:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,441,611 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R5470:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,450,066 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R5479:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,452,652 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.15
R5488:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,450,505 (GRCm39) intron probably benign
R5489:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,450,505 (GRCm39) intron probably benign
R5499:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,441,888 (GRCm39) critical splice donor site probably null
R5988:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,455,395 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R6046:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,458,528 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.60
R6125:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,444,491 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.16
R6212:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,439,155 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R6337:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,441,566 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R6394:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,440,042 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.66
R6576:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,453,533 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R6590:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,464,694 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.60
R6690:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,464,694 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.60
R6786:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,464,125 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.33
R6913:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,451,951 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 0.99
R7090:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,452,677 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 0.99
R7107:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,450,129 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.07
R7138:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,451,955 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.83
R7383:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,452,776 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R7392:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,470,312 (GRCm39) missense probably benign
R7471:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,441,569 (GRCm39) missense probably benign
R7625:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,474,534 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.04
R7790:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,463,539 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R7862:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,451,734 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R7937:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,464,963 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.02
R8092:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,455,184 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R8237:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,450,809 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R8321:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,470,024 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.01
R8371:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,470,275 (GRCm39) missense probably benign
R8425:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,448,012 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R8674:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,450,463 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 0.98
R8794:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,441,904 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 0.98
R8828:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,448,037 (GRCm39) frame shift probably null
R8909:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,450,389 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.82
R9194:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,439,650 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.01
R9278:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,472,627 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.01
R9489:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,457,055 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 0.98
R9501:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,452,045 (GRCm39) missense probably benign 0.04
R9546:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,453,408 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 1.00
R9605:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,457,055 (GRCm39) missense probably damaging 0.98
R9694:Chd8 UTSW 14 52,441,341 (GRCm39) missense possibly damaging 0.86
Predicted Primers PCR Primer
(F):5'- GCTCCTTGTGACTAAGAAGCACCC -3'
(R):5'- GAAGATACCTGGCTTGGCTTCCAC -3'

Sequencing Primer
(F):5'- GACGTTTACACGATCTCCAGG -3'
(R):5'- caccaccacccccactc -3'
Posted On 2013-07-11